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乒乓球运动员林高远多次顶级大赛关键时刻的“发挥失常”：压力下“Choking”现象的心理诊断分析

Lin Gaoyuan’s “Abnormal Performance” at Critical Moments in Multiple Top-level Competitions: Psychological Diagnostic Analysis of the “Choking” Phenomenon under Pressure

中国心理学前沿 / 2023,5(11)：1109-1117 / 2023-12-11 149 93

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• 作者： 熊志超     
• 单位：

  锋恒国际体育有限公司，中国香港

• 关键词： 林高远；心理诊断；无意识能力；乒乓球顶级大赛决赛赢球经验；“Choking”
• Lin Gaoyuan; Psychological diagnosis; Unconscious ability; Winning experience in the final of top table tennis competitions; “Choking”
• 摘要： 林高远是中国乒乓球队的主力队员之一，在国内比赛成绩突出，也代表中国参加了多次国际比赛。然而，在外战的高级别比赛中林高远表现不如内战，频频掉链子，深受球迷和媒体的关注。本文针对林高远在外战中掉链子的心理原因从心理学的角度进行了诊断和研究，在提出问题的基础上，通过对林高远职业生涯中的内战和外战心理因素进行了比较分析，结果揭示了其掉链子的心理本质：（1）林高远早期的主管教练过早对他下的诊断负面暗示影响深远；（2）“输外战”压力；（3）缺乏外战顶级大赛决赛经验的锻炼是边缘主力林高远难以提高心理素质的诱因，也是国乒男线青黄不接的根本原因。研究结论：国乒的用人制度决定了绝对主力和边缘主力林高远外战能力的高低。
• Lin Gaoyuan is one of the main players of the Chinese table tennis team, with outstandingresults in domestic competitions and representing China in multiple international competitions. However,in international competitions, Lin Gaoyuan’s performance is not as good as in domestic competitions,and he frequently falls out at critical moments, receiving attention from fans and the media. This articlediagnoses and studies the psychological reasons for Lin Gaoyuan’s failure in international competitionsfrom a psychological perspective. Based on the questions raised, a comparative analysis is conducted onthe psychological factors of Lin Gaoyuan’s domestic and international competitions in his career, revealingthe psychological essence of his failure: (1) The negative implications of Lin Gaoyuan’s early supervisorcoach’s early diagnosis had a profound impact; (2) The unwritten suggestion of the national table tennisteam that “no loss in foreign matches” is the spiritual shackles of athletes; (3) The lack of experience inthe final of top-level foreign competitions is the main reason why Lin Gaoyuan, the reserve main player,finds it difficult to improve his psychological quality, and at the same time, the fundamental reason whyit is difficult for men’s reserve talents of the national table tennis team to take over. Research conclusion:The employment system of the national table tennis team determines the absolute main force and thelevel of the reserve main force Lin Gaoyuan’s external combat ability,And further proposed correspondingpsychological interventions for Lin Gaoyuan, as well as suggestions for improving the national tabletennis personnel system.
• DOI： https://doi.org/10.35534/pc.0511129
• 引用： 熊志超．乒乓球运动员林高远多次顶级大赛关键时刻的“发挥失常”：压力下“Choking”现象的心理诊断分析［J］．中国心理学前沿，2023，5（11）：1109-1117．