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面孔表情的任务相关性对工作记忆刷新的影响：任务难度的调节

The Effects of Task Relevance of Facial Expressions on Working Memory Updating

Psychology of China / 2024,6(5): 824-834 / 2024-06-04 497 331

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• Authors: 黄丕兰      王功     
• Information:

  广东理工学院，肇庆

• Keywords: Working memory updating; Facial expressions; Facial gender; Task difficulty 工作记忆；刷新；面孔表情；面孔性别；任务难度
• Abstract: Objective: To explore the effects of task relevance of facial expressions on individual’s workingmemory(WM) updating. Methods: Participants performed a 1-back and a 2-back task with facialexpressions as task relevant or irrelevant stimuli. Results: When facial expressions were task-relevantstimuli, participants made less errors when encoding happy and sad schematic faces than neutral faces.When facial expressions were task-irrelevant stimuli, participants made less errors when encodinghappy and sad schematic faces than neutral faces and showed fastest updating response times whenencoding happy faces in 1-back condition. Participants made more errors and showed faster updatingresponse time when encoding happy faces than sad and neutral faces in 2-back condition. There wereno difference in updating response times and accuracy when encoding sad and neutral faces in 2-backcondition. Conclusion: When facial expressions were task-relevant stimuli, emotional valence enhancedindividual’s WM updating. When facial expressions were task-irrelevant stimuli, task difficulty moderatedthe effects of emotional valence on individual’s WM updating. Emotional valence enhanced individual’sWM updating in the easier task(1-back).However, only schematic happy faces impaired individual’s WMupdating in the more difficult task(2-back). 为探讨面孔表情的任务相关性对个体工作记忆刷新的影响，采用N-back范式，以表情面孔图片为材料，设置面孔表情为目标和非目标刺激进行刷新任务测试。结果显示面孔表情为目标刺激的刷新任务中，被试对快乐和悲伤表情刷新的准确率显著高于中性表情。面孔表情为非目标刺激的刷新任务中，1-back条件下，被试对快乐和悲伤面孔性别刷新的正确率显著高于中性面孔，且对快乐面孔性别刷新的速度最快；2-back条件下，被试对快乐面孔性别刷新的反应速度和准确率表现显著差于悲伤和中性面孔，对悲伤和中性面孔性别刷新的反应速度和准确率表现无显著差异。说明当面孔表情为目标刺激时，情绪特征促进个体的工作记忆刷新；当面孔表情为非目标刺激时，情绪特征对个体工作记忆刷新的影响受到任务难度和刺激情绪效价的调节，任务难度低时，情绪特征促进个体工作记忆刷新表现，任务难度较高时仅有快乐表情干扰个体的工作记忆刷新表现。
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.35534/pc.0605094
• Cite: 黄丕兰，王功．面孔表情的任务相关性对工作记忆刷新的影响：任务难度的调节［J］．中国心理学前沿，2024，6（5）：824-834．