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吃亏是福？ 自我牺牲的心理与行为后果及其理论述评

Is it a Blessing to Suffer? A Review of the Psychological and Behavioral Consequences of Self-sacrifice and its Theory

Psychology of China / 2025,7(9): 1126-1132 / 2025-09-25 18 25

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• Authors: 张明
• Information:

  河南师范大学教育学部，新乡

• Keywords:
  Self-sacrifice; Positive effects; THeoretical foundations
  自我牺牲; 积极效应; 理论基础
• Abstract: From the traditional experience, “taking losses” reflects, to a certain extent, the self-sacrificing spirit of an individual. What is self-sacrifice? It refers to the willingness of an individual to bear the loss of money, goods, reputation, and other forms of benefits in the process of upholding his or her beliefs and values. This study discusses the psychological and behavioral consequences of self-sacrifice based on previous research. First, a brief overview of the concept, characteristics, types, and measurements of self-sacrifice is provided; followed by a detailed analysis of the positive effects of reasonable self-sacrificing behaviors on mood and emotions, behavioral performance, and organizational performance, i.e., the blessings that arise under self-sacrifice. Then the theoretical basis for the positive rewards of self-sacrificing behavior is explored from the perspectives of evolutionary psychology, moral belief theory, motivation theory and reciprocal altruism theory. Finally, the paper points out the shortcomings of existing studies and suggests that future research should focus on three aspects: research perspectives, cultural comparisons, and intervention mechanisms. 从文化视角看，“吃亏”在一定程度上反映了个体所具备的自我牺牲精神。何为自我牺牲？即指个体在维护其信念和价值观的过程中，愿意承担与金钱、物品、名誉等相关的多种形式的利益损失。本研究在以往研究的基础上对自我牺牲所产生的心理与行为后果进行了讨论。首先对自我牺牲的概念、特征、类型以及测量方法进行了简要概述；其次详细分析了合理的自我牺牲行为对情绪与情感、行为表现和组织绩效等方面的积极影响，即自我牺牲下产生的“福报”；接着，从进化心理学、道德信念理论、动机理论及互惠性利他理论的视角，探讨了自我牺牲行为带来积极回报的理论基础；最后，本文指出现有研究的不足，并建议未来研究应重点关注研究视角，文化比较以及干预机制三个方面。
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.35534/pc.0709183
• Cite: 张明. (2025). 吃亏是福？自我牺牲的心理与行为后果及其理论述评. 中国心理学前沿, 7 (9), 1126-1132.