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2022年上海疫情期间居家锻炼对居民主观幸福感的影响及相关因素分析

The Positive Effect of Home Exercise on Residents’ Subjective Well-being during the Shanghai Covid-19 Epidemic

Psychology of China / 2025,7(12): 1605-1611 / 2025-12-18 25 12

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• Authors: 朱淑芬¹ 张宏宇²
• Information:

  1．中央财经大学，北京；
  2．北京工商大学，北京

• Keywords:
  Shanghai Covid-19 epidemic; Home exercise; Subjective well-being; PERMA model; Psychological regulation
  上海新冠疫情; 居家锻炼; 主观幸福感; PERMA模型; 心理调节
• Abstract: Objective: This study aims to explore the impact of home exercise on residents’ subjective well-being during the Shanghai Covid-19 epidemic in 2022, clarify the regulatory role of home exercise on individuals’ physical and mental states in a closed environment, and provide empirical basis for residents’ psychological self-help during public health emergencies. Methods: A total of 312 residents living in Shanghai from March to July 2022 were selected as the research objects (effective recovery rate 97.2%). Martin Seligman’s PERMA Profile (with a Cronbach’s α coefficient of 0.893 and a KMO value of 0.945, showing good reliability and validity) was used, combined with a self-designed demographic questionnaire. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey, and descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and linear regression analysis were conducted using SPSS 26.0. Results: (1)The participation rate of home exercise among residents during the Shanghai epidemic was as high as 92.0%, of which 59.9% of residents maintained daily exercise, 32.1% exercised occasionally, and only 8.0% did not exercise; (2) Subjective well-being was significantly correlated with home exercise, (Exercise frequency assignment: no exercise = 1, occasional exercise = 2, daily exercise = 3) all dimensions of the PERMA model (positive emotion r=0.260***, engagement r=0.271***, relationship r=0.212***, meaning r=0.329***, accomplishment r=0.332***) were positively correlated with home exercise (p<0.001). This positive correlation indicates that the higher the exercise frequency, the higher the subjective well-being score. Home exercise explained 10.8% of the variance in subjective well-being (R2=0.108, p<0.01), but had no significant effect on negative emotions (r=0.084, p>0.05) and loneliness (r=-0.000, p=0.998). The duration of lockdown was significantly negatively correlated with dimensions such as engagement and meaning in life (p<0.05); the effect was most pronounced at 2 months of lockdown, and the effect decreased after more than 2 months. The status of working/studying at home had a certain regulatory effect on the association between exercise and well-being, but this result should be interpreted cautiously due to the small sample size. Gender had no significant effect on subjective well-being (p>0.05).The subjective well-being of residents who exercised daily was significantly higher than that of occasional exercisers, and occasional exercisers were higher than non-exercisers; (3)The duration of lockdown had an impact on the regulatory effect of home exercise. The regulatory effect was most significant for residents locked down for 2 months (p<0.05), and the effect showed a downward trend after more than 2 months; (4)Among residents who worked/studied at home (n=282), the regulatory effect of home exercise on subjective well-being was significantly higher than that of residents without work/ study (n=30) (p<0.05). Conclusion: The participation rate of home exercise during the Shanghai epidemic was high, and it could significantly improve residents’ subjective well-being. The duration of lockdown and the status of working/ studying at home would affect the regulatory effect of exercise. 目的：本研究旨在探讨2022年上海新冠疫情期间居家锻炼对居民主观幸福感的影响，明确居家锻炼在封闭环境下对个体身心状态的调节作用，为突发公共卫生事件中居民的心理自助提供实证依据。方法：以2022年3～7月居住于上海的312名居民为研究对象（有效回收率97.2%），采用马丁·塞利格曼（MartinSeligman）的PERMA幸福指数量表（PERMAProfile）（α系数0.893，KMO值0.945，信效度良好）在线收集数据，运用SPSS26.0进行描述性统计、相关性分析及线性回归分析。结果：（1）上海疫情期间居民居家锻炼参与率高达92.0%，其中59.9%的居民保持每日锻炼，32.1%的居民偶尔锻炼，仅8.0%的居民不锻炼；（2）主观幸福感与居家锻炼呈显著正相关（赋值：不锻炼=1，偶尔锻炼=2，每日锻炼=3），PERMA模型各维度（积极情绪r=0.260***、投入r=0.271***、人际关系r=0.212***、人生意义r=0.329***、成就感r=0.332***）均与居家锻炼呈正相关（p<0.001），表明锻炼频率越高，主观幸福感得分越高；居家锻炼可解释主观幸福感10.8%的变化（R2=0.108，p<0.01），但对消极情绪（r=0.084，p>0.05）和孤独感（r=-0.000，p=0.998）无显著影响。封控时长与投入、人生意义等维度呈显著负相关（p<0.05），2个月时锻炼调节效果最明显，超2个月后效果下降；居家工作/学习状态对锻炼与幸福感的关联有一定调节作用，但因样本量较小需谨慎看待；性别对主观幸福感无显著影响（p>0.05）。结论：上海疫情期间居家锻炼可显著提升居民主观幸福感，封闭时长与居家工作/学习状态是重要影响因素。
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.35534/pc.0712260 (registering DOI)
• Cite: 朱淑芬, 张宏宇. (2025). 2022年上海疫情期间居家锻炼对居民主观幸福感的影响及相关因素分析. 中国心理学前沿, 7 (12), 1605-1611.