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神经振荡视角下的第二语言听觉感知与理解

Second Language Auditory Perception and Comprehension from the Perspective of Neural Oscillations

Psychology of China / 2026,8(1): 1-7 / 2026-01-13 13 9

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• Authors: 朱诗瑶 陆灵犀
• Information:

  北京语言大学心理与认知科学学院（生命健康研究院），北京

• Keywords:
  Second language acquisition; Language processing; Neural oscillations; M/EEG
  二语习得; 言语加工; 神经振荡; 脑电/磁图
• Abstract: For second language (L2) learners, achieving processing speed and accuracy in auditory speech comprehension comparable to those of native speakers remains a major challenge. In recent years, advances in high-temporal-resolution electrophysiological techniques, such as electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG), have provided a new theoretical framework for investigating L2 processing from the perspectives of neural oscillations and neural entrainment. This review systematically synthesizes recent research on neural oscillatory activity underlying auditory speech perception and comprehension in L2 learners, with a particular focus on the functional roles of different oscillatory frequency bands across hierarchical levels of speech processing, as well as the modulatory effects of language experience and environmental factors on neural oscillatory patterns. Accumulating evidence suggests that neural oscillations at different frequency bands encode speech information at multiple temporal scales, ranging from phonemes and syllables to phrasal structures. However, the relationship between cortical tracking strength in the first language (L1) and L2 remains unresolved, with inconsistent findings likely arising from differences in experimental paradigms, analytical approaches, and participants’ language experience. In addition, bilingual background, especially L2 proficiency, has been shown to significantly modulate neural oscillatory patterns during L2 auditory processing under both quiet and noisy listening conditions. As a common phenomenon in bilingual language use, language switching typically imposes increased demands on cognitive control, which are primarily reflected at the neural level by modulations in oscillatory power in the delta (δ) and theta (θ) frequency bands. Based on these findings, this review integrates converging and diverging evidence in the current literature and highlights the need for future studies to incorporate complex auditory environments and longitudinal designs, in order to further elucidate the neural mechanisms of L2 auditory speech processing from a neural oscillation perspective. 对第二语言（L2）学习者而言，在听觉言语加工中达到与母语者相当的速度与准确性始终是一项重要挑战。近年来，随着脑电图（EEG）和脑磁图（MEG）等具有高时间分辨率的神经电生理技术的发展，从神经振荡与神经夹带的视角研究第二语言加工过程，为揭示其神经机制提供了新的理论框架。本文系统梳理了近年来关于二语学习者听觉言语感知与理解中神经振荡的研究进展，重点总结不同振荡频段在言语加工层级中的功能作用，以及语言经验与环境因素对神经振荡模式的调节作用。现有研究表明，不同频段的神经振荡能够表征言语加工中从音素、音节到短语等不同时间尺度的信息；然而，关于母语（L1）与二语皮层追踪强度之间的关系，目前尚未形成一致结论，其差异可能受到实验范式、分析方法及被试语言经验的共同影响。此外，双语背景，尤其是二语熟练度，在安静与噪声环境下均显著调节二语听觉加工中的神经振荡模式。作为双语语言使用中的常见现象，语言转换通常引入更高的认知控制需求，其神经表征主要体现在δ和θ频段振荡功率的调节变化上。本文在此基础上综合讨论当前研究中的主要共识与分歧，并提出未来有必要结合复杂听觉情境与纵向设计，从神经振荡层面进一步深化对二语听觉言语加工机制的理解。
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.35534/pc.0801001 (registering DOI)
• Cite: 朱诗瑶, 陆灵犀. (2026). 神经振荡视角下的第二语言听觉感知与理解. 中国心理学前沿, 8 (1), 1-7.