International Open Access Journal Platform

货运铁路司机职业压力应对的质性研究

A Qualitative Study of Coping with Occupational Stress among Freight Train Drivers

Psychology of China / 2026,8(1): 81-85 / 2026-01-27 28 20

View Download PDF

• Authors: 王志毅¹ 王晖² 李旖雯² 孟婷¹ 张煜菲¹ 余思慧³⁴ 呼奂²
• Information:

  1．国能朔黄铁路发展有限责任公司机辆分公司，沧州；
  2．澳门城市大学大健康学院，中国澳门；
  3．深圳职业技术大学心理健康教育咨询与研究中心，深圳；
  4．澳门城市大学教育学院，中国澳门

• Keywords:
  Occupational stress; Freight-train drivers; Grounded theory; Coping strategies; Dynamic model of stress
  职业压力; 货运司机; 扎根理论; 应对策略; 压力动态模型
• Abstract: Objective: To explore the sources of occupational stress, coping styles, and the underlying mechanisms among freight-train drivers, so as to inform health-management interventions for such high-risk occupational groups. Methods: Indepth interviews were conducted with 33 freight drivers working on the railway company in northern China which was a qualitative design guided by grounded-theory. Results: Six core categories were identified: job characteristics, occupational stress, self-regulation strategies, supportive resources, job-specific competence and economic incentives. Under institutional stressors (e.g., frequent night shifts, rigid performance appraisal), freight-train drivers mainly deployed three types of strategies—emotional, behavioral, and cognitive—to cope with stress. Supportive resources and job-specific competence amplified the positive effects of these strategies, whereas economic incentives—although compensatory—might heighten stress perception when relied upon excessively. Conclusion: Occupational stress coping among freight drivers constitutes a dynamic adaptation system that driven by institutional pressure, regulated by personal strategies and buffered by both internal and external resources. The dual-edged effect of economic incentives among them reveals a complex trade-off between financial compensation and psycho-physical health in high-risk occupations. 目的：探究货运铁路司机职业压力的来源、应对方式及其内在作用机制，为改善高危职业人群的健康管理提供参考。方法：采用质性研究方法，以扎根理论为指导，对我国北方某铁路公司的33名货运司机进行深度访谈。结果：研究概括出工作性质、职业压力、自我调节策略、支持性资源、职业核心能力和经济激励6个核心类属。司机在制度性压力源（如高频夜班、刚性考核）的影响下，主要采用情绪、行为及认知三类策略应对压力；支持性资源与职业核心能力能增强调节策略的积极效果，而经济激励虽具补偿效应，但过度依赖反而会增强压力感知。结论：货运司机的职业压力应对是一个由制度压力驱动、个人策略调节、内外资源缓冲的动态适应系统；并且经济激励的作用具有双面性，揭示了在高风险职业中，经济补偿与身心健康之间存在复杂的权衡关系。
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.35534/pc.0801013 (registering DOI)
• Cite: 王志毅, 王晖, 李旖雯, 孟婷, 张煜菲, 余思慧, 呼奂. (2026). 货运铁路司机职业压力应对的质性研究. 中国心理学前沿, 8 (1), 81-85.