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他们为何依然茁壮？——生态系统视角下留守儿童心理韧性与保护因素综述

Why do they Still Flourish? A Review of Psychological Resilience and Protective Factors in Left-behind Children from an Ecological Systems Perspective

覃思思

Psychology of China / 2026,8(6): 934-940 / 2026-06-23 14 10

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• Information:

  广西师范大学，桂林

• Keywords:
  Left-behind children; Psychological resilience; Protective factors; Ecological systems theory; Stereotype; Mechanisms of protective factors
  留守儿童; 心理韧性; 保护因素; 生态系统理论; 刻板印象; 作用机制
• Abstract: For a long time, both the general public and academia have tended to regard rural left-behind children as a group with prevalent psychological problems However, recent large-sample surveys and meta-analyses have revealed that a considerable proportion of left-behind children demonstrate sound social adaptability and psychological resilience. This paper aims to systematically reconsider this stereotype. Grounded in Ecological Systems Theory, it systematically reviews empirical studies and conducts an in-depth analysis of the protective factors for the mental health of left-behind children. The review finds that these protective factors constitute a multi-level and dynamically interactive system spanning multiple dimensions, including individual, family, school, and community levels. It further elaborates on their functional mechanisms, namely buffering, compensation, and challenge effects. Finally, building on the above findings, this paper advocates a shift from deficit remediation to strength cultivation in research and practice, and calls for the construction of a targeted intervention system centered on protective factors, so as to more effectively promote the healthy and holistic development of left-behind children. 长期以来，社会公众与学术界易片面将农村留守儿童视作普遍存在心理适应困难的群体。然而，近年来大样本调查与元分析却揭示，相当比例的留守儿童展现出良好的社会适应能力与心理韧性。本文旨在系统反思这一刻板印象，基于生态系统理论，系统梳理实证研究，深入剖析留守儿童心理健康的保护因素。研究发现，这些保护因素构成一个多层次的、动态交互的系统，涵盖个体、家庭、学校和社区等诸多层面。本文进一步探讨了其缓冲、补偿与挑战等作用机制。最后，基于上述发现，本文呼吁研究与实践从“问题矫正”转向“优势培育”，构建以保护因素为核心的精准干预体系，从而更有效地促进留守儿童的健康与全面发展。
• DOI: 10.35534/pc.0806138 (registering DOI)
• Cite: 覃思思. (2026). 他们为何依然茁壮？——生态系统视角下留守儿童心理韧性与保护因素综述. 中国心理学前沿, 8 (6), 934-940.