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抑制控制缺陷对青少年偏差行为的影响

The Impact of Inhibitory Control Deficits on Deviant Behavior in Adolescents

伏佳琪, 姚远

Psychology of China / 2026,8(7): 1030-1037 / 2026-07-10 17 9

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• Information:

  苏州科技大学教育学院心理系，苏州

• Keywords:
  Inhibitory control; Adolescents; Deviant behavior
  抑制控制; 青少年; 偏差行为
• Abstract: Inhibitory control, a core component of executive functioning, undergoes rapid and continuous development throughout adolescence. This review systematically summarizes the conceptual framework, assessment paradigms, developmental trajectory, and neural mechanisms of inhibitory control, with a particular focus on its association with adolescent deviant behavior and the underlying mechanisms linking the two. Inhibitory control comprises two relatively independent subcomponents: response inhibition and interference control, both of which are jointly influenced by the prefrontal cognitive control system, the limbic system, and the reward system. Deficits in inhibitory control constitute a prominent cognitive risk factor for externalizing problems, including adolescent deviant behavior. Importantly, the relationship between inhibitory control deficits and deviant behavior is not merely unidirectional but involves reciprocal influences operating through multiple mediating pathways and is further moderated by social contextual factors, such as family, peers, and neighborhood environments, resulting in a complex pattern of interactions. Moreover, inhibitory control demonstrates considerable neurocognitive plasticity, and interventions including cognitive training, behavioral activities, and family-based programs have been shown to effectively enhance inhibitory control. Future research should further clarify the developmental characteristics of different inhibitory control components, elucidate the bidirectional mechanisms underlying inhibitory control and deviant behavior through longitudinal designs, improve ecological validity in assessment, and develop more targeted intervention strategies. 抑制控制作为执行功能的核心成分，在青少年期经历快速而持续的发展。本文系统介绍了抑制控制的概念框架、测量范式、发展轨迹以及神经机制，并且重点梳理了其与青少年偏差行为的关联证据与内在作用机制。抑制控制可分为反应抑制和干扰抑制这两个相对独立的子成分，受到前额叶认知控制系统与边缘系统、奖赏系统的影响。抑制控制缺陷是青少年偏差行为等外化问题的重要认知风险指标，二者之间并非仅是单向的因果关系，而是通过多重中介路径，且受到家庭、同伴及邻里等社会情境因素的调节，最终产生复杂关联。此外，抑制控制具有一定可塑性，认知训练、行为活动及家庭干预等路径均可为其提升提供有效支持。
• DOI: 10.35534/pc.0807152 (registering DOI)
• Cite: 伏佳琪, 姚远. (2026). 抑制控制缺陷对青少年偏差行为的影响. 中国心理学前沿, 8 (7), 1030-1037.