国际中文开源期刊平台

政务数据共享背景下数据安全监管的法治化路径

The Legalization Path of data Security Supervision under the Background of Government Data Sharing

社会科学进展 / 2023,5(6)：536-548 / 2023-11-24 66 130

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• 作者： 贾静     
• 单位：

  上海政法学院，上海

• 关键词： 政务数据；数据共享；数据安全；法治化监管
• Government data; Data sharing; Data security; Law-based
• 摘要： 在“新时代数字政府建设”的背景下，政务数据共享是推进数字政府建设的核心，数据共享的开发不仅能加快数字政府建设、提升国家治理能力，还能提高政府为人民服务的效率，解决人民群众现实需求，便捷人民生活。然而，由于政务数据涉及多方面，包括不限于国家利益、公共安全、商业秘密、个人隐私等高度敏感性信息，故在采集、传输、存储、共享与应用中，很容易出现一系列数据安全隐患。因此，必须加强对政务数据的安全监管，规整监管路径，保证政务数据共享在法治道路上有序进行。但是，由于我国尚未形成政务数据共享相关立法，使得数据共享范围和方式不统一，造成了监管难度系数增高。政府层面政务数据安全监管机制不完善，导致一旦出现数据泄漏，没有明确的数据安全管理部门进行监管和问责。此外，政府数据共享项目依赖于项目委托，因第三方的涉入更是增加了数据安全泄漏的风险。因此，我们必须厘清政务数据安全监管现状，重视现阶段数据安全监管所面临的困境，落实政务数据共享有关立法，建立统一的政务数据分类分级制度，明确政务数据安全监管职能部门，完善政府在数据监管中的问责方式和问责程序，探索更加法治化的数据监管新路径，以期实现政务数据跨地区、跨部门之间的高效率共享。
• Under the background of “construction of digital government in thenew era”, government data sharing is the core of promoting the construction ofdigital government. The development of data sharing can not only acceleratethe construction of digital government, improve the national governancecapacity, but also improve the efficiency of government to serve the people,solve the practical needs of the people, and facilitate people’s lives. However, since government data involves many aspects, including but not limited tonational interests, public security, trade secrets, personal privacy and otherhighly sensitive information, it is easy to appear in the collection, transmission,storage, sharing and application, a series of data security risks. Therefore, it isnecessary to strengthen the security supervision of government data, regulatethe supervision path, and ensure the orderly sharing of government data on theroad of rule of law. However, because China has not yet formed the relevantlegislation of government data sharing, the scope and method of data sharing arenot uniform, resulting in an increase in the difficulty coefficient of supervision.The government data security supervision mechanism is not perfect, resultingin the absence of a clear data security management department for supervisionand accountability in the event of data leakage. In addition, governmentdata sharing projects rely on project mandates, and the involvement of thirdparties increases the risk of data security leaks. Therefore, we must clarify thecurrent situation of government data security supervision, pay attention to thedifficulties faced by data security supervision at this stage, implement relevantlegislation on government data sharing, establish a unified government dataclassification and classification system, clarify the functional departments ofgovernment data security supervision, improve the government's accountabilitymethod and accountability procedure in data supervision, and explore a newpath of more legalized data supervision. In order to realize the efficient sharingof government data across regions and departments.
• DOI： https://doi.org/10.35534/pss.0506050
• 引用： 贾静．政务数据共享背景下数据安全监管的法治化路径［J］．社会科学进展，2023，5（6）：536-548.