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“感同身受”不一定“平等相待”： 共情诱发不公平行为的认知神经机制

Empathy does not Always Lead to Equal Treatment: Cognitive Neural Mechanisms of Empathy-induced Unfair Behavior

Progress in Social Sciences / 2024,6(2): 335-350 / 2024-04-28 335 850

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• Authors: 范若琳      郑允佳      刘畅      向浩伟     
• Information:

  广东金融学院应用心理学系，广州

• Keywords: Empathy; Unfairness; “Favoritism” unfair behavior; “Deontological” unfair behavior; The dual-process model of moral judgment 共情；不公平；“亲疏有别”的不公平行为；“合乎道义”的不公平行为；道德判断双加工模型
• Abstract: Empathy is widely regarded as a crucial pillar of human moraldevelopment that can promote fair behavior. However, recent research hasrevealed the complex relationship between empathy and fairness. This studyexamines the interplay between interpersonal factors and high-demandcharacteristics in modulating empathic differential responses in allocationbehavior and third-party punishment behavior, leading to two forms of unfairbehavior: “favoritism” and “deontological unfairness.” The neural and biologicalbasis of empathy-induced “favoritism” unfair behavior is associated with themodulation of oxytocin response and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex byinterpersonal closeness. In addition, the dual-process model of moral judgmentprovides a theoretical explanation for empathy-induced “deontological” unfairbehavior, with the neural mechanisms involving increased activation levels inthe ventromedial prefrontal cortex and amygdala, along with suppression ofneural responses in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Future research shouldexplore a broader range of empathy types and components, integrate studies onspecific populations, and comprehensively elucidate the underlying cognitiveand neural mechanisms of empathy-related unfair attributes. 共情被普遍认为是人类道德发展的重要支柱，可促进公平行为。但近期研究发现共情与公平的复杂关系。本研究从分配行为和第三方惩罚行为为切入点，探讨受人际因素和高需求特征调节的共情差别反应会导致“亲疏有别”和“合乎道义”的两种不公平行为。共情诱发“亲疏有别”不公平行为的神经生物基础与人际亲密性调节腹内侧前额叶和催产素反应有关，而道德判断双加工模型为共情诱发“合乎道义”不公平行为的认知机制提供了理论解释，其神经机制与腹内侧前额叶和杏仁核激活水平增加及背外侧前额叶神经反应抑制有关。未来研究需从更广泛的共情类型和成分出发，结合特殊群体研究，全面揭示共情不公平属性的潜在认知神经机制。
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.35534/pss.0602027
• Cite: 范若琳，郑允佳，刘畅，等．“感同身受”不一定“平等相待”：共情诱发不公平行为的认知神经机制［J］．社会科学进展，2024，6（2）：335-350.