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一审终审制下小额诉讼的权利救济

Remedial Mechanism for Small Claims under One-tiered Trial System

Progress in Social Sciences / 2025,7(6): 476-481 / 2025-06-25 10 7

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• Authors: 舒满
• Information:

  上海政法学院，上海

• Keywords:
  Small claims; One-tiered trial; Remedial mechanism
  小额诉讼; 一审终审; 权利救济
• Abstract: The small claims procedure aims to simplify litigation processes, reduce judicial and litigation costs, enhance judicial efficiency, and shorten the adjudication cycle, in response to the practical challenges of overburdened courts and insufficient judicial resources. However, under the civil litigation “adjudicative” model, the legitimacy of judgments is rooted in the protection of litigants’ procedural rights and their full participation in litigation. The simplification of the small claims procedure, however, may lead to insufficient protection of litigants’ rights and limited participation, potentially undermining the legitimacy of judicial outcomes and increasing the likelihood of dissatisfaction with judgments. A lack of remedies may prompt litigants to pursue non-legal remedies, such as petitioning higher authorities or engaging in informal appeals, thereby increasing the burden on courts and judges, which contradicts the original purpose of the small claims system. Therefore, drawing from the civil litigation systems in Taiwan and Japan, this paper proposes a remedy mechanism through objections to address the rights protection gap in the one-tiered trial system for small claims. 小额诉讼程序旨在通过简化诉讼程序，降低司法资源和诉讼成本投入，提高审判效率，缩短审判周期，以应对法院系统案多人少、审判人力资源短缺的现实困境。而在民事诉讼“判决型”模式下，判决的正当化基础源于对当事人诉讼权利的保障和当事人在诉讼活动中的充分参与。然而，小额诉讼程序简化了诉讼程序，致使当事人权利保障和参与不足，可能影响判决结果的正当性，增加当事人不服判决的可能性。缺乏救济途径可能导致当事人选择再审或上访，增加法院和法官的负担，背离小额诉讼制度设计的初衷，因此，可借鉴我国台湾地区和日本的民事诉讼制度设计，以异议的方式为我国一审终审制下的小额诉讼制度提供权利救济途径。
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.35534/pss.0706081
• Cite: 舒满．一审终审制下小额诉讼的权利救济［J］．社会科学进展，2025，7（6）：476-481.