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论民事裁定的既判力理论问题

The Res Judicata Theory of Civil Rulings

Progress in Social Sciences / 2025,7(6): 450-455 / 2025-07-10 32 25

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• Authors: 邱顺
• Information:

  上海政法学院，上海

• Keywords:
  Res judicata; Civil rulings; Judgment in suit; Ruling on procedural requirements; Ruling on procedural management
  既判力; 民事裁定; 诉讼判决; 诉讼要件裁定; 诉讼指挥裁定
• Abstract: The theory of res judicata is not a novel academic topic in China. However, in our study of res judicata, we often focus on “judgments.” Yet, the People’s Courts have various methods of handling cases, not just judgments, but also rulings. The res judicata effect of “rulings” has rarely been discussed and analyzed by scholars. In contrast, in foreign countries, especially in Germany and Japan, there have been intense debates on this issue. Although not all rulings have reached a definitive conclusion, several categories have formed a general consensus. When studying the res judicata of civil rulings, we can dialectically draw on and learn from these discussions. This paper first starts from the theory of res judicata, analyzing whether civil rulings should have res judicata effect. It then conducts a comparative law study to see whether foreign theories are worth learning from and borrowing. Finally, it attempts to propose solutions in light of the specific issues in China. 既判力理论在我国并非新鲜的学术话题，但是，我们在研究既判力的过程之中，往往是站在“判决”的基础之上，然而人民法院对案件的处理方式并不仅仅只有判决这一种形式，还存在裁定，对“裁定”的既判力问题，鲜有学者进行讨论和分析，而在国外，尤其是德国和日本，对此已经进行了激烈的讨论，虽并非全部的裁定都有了定论，但是其中的几类已经形成了通说，我们在研究民事裁定的既判力的时候，可以对此进行辩证地借鉴和学习。本文首先从既判力理论出发，分析民事裁定是否应当具有既判力，随后进行比较法研究，看看域外的理论是否值得借鉴与学习，最后结合我国实际问题尝试提出解决方案。
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.35534/pss.0706077
• Cite: 邱顺．论民事裁定的既判力理论问题［J］．社会科学进展，2025，7（6）：450-455.