International Open Access Journal Platform

盗窃罪认定的二元路径：以“秘密性”为基础适用“公开盗窃说”的合理性研究

Dual Approaches to the Determination of Theft: An Analysis on the Rationality of Applying the Open Theft Doctrine based on the Attribute of Secrecy

杨莫轩, 陈智信

Progress in Social Sciences / 2026,8(4): 322-329 / 2026-05-06 8 5

View Download PDF

• Information:

  上海政法学院，上海

• Keywords:
  Theft; Secrecy; Open theft; Judicial practice
  盗窃罪; 秘密性; 公开盗窃; 司法实务
• Abstract: With China’s socioeconomic development, criminal cases involving property infringement crimes have been on the rise, among which theft occupies a prominent position. As theft behaviors become increasingly diversified, fierce academic disputes persist over whether “secret appropriation”should remain an essential constitutive element of theft. Based on social practice, some scholars have proposed the open theft doctrine to challenge the traditional secret appropriation theory. The traditional theory takes secrecy as the core criterion for identifying theft and justifies itself through an analysis of its basic characteristics, yet it suffers from inherent limitations in evaluating new-type theft behaviors, distinguishing similar crimes, and realizing subjective and objective imputation. In contrast, the open theft doctrine innovatively adopts “openness and peacefulness”as new judging elements for theft, offering a new solution to the practical application dilemmas of traditional theories. Integrating the advantages of both theories, this paper constructs a dual path for theft identification. It advocates taking the secret appropriation theory as the foundation while accommodating the open theft doctrine. Taking whether the property-grabbing conduct involves violence as the judging standard, this paper defines secrecy and openness as behavioral modifications of peaceful appropriation, thereby establishing a rational evaluation criterion for theft adjudication. 随着我国社会经济的发展，侵犯财产类犯罪的刑事案件数量呈增多趋势，盗窃罪在其中占据重要地位。针对盗窃行为模式日益多样化，是否仍将“秘密窃取”作为盗窃罪构成的必备要件，争议层出不穷。部分学者结合社会实际，提出“公开盗窃说”以辩驳传统“秘密窃取说”。“秘密窃取说”的核心是将“秘密性”作为盗窃罪认定的关键，通过浅析其主要特征探讨合理性。但“秘密窃取说”在评价新型盗窃行为、区分相似罪名及主客观归责上存在局限。“公开盗窃说”则创新性地将“公开平和”作为盗窃罪认定的新要素，为解决当下传统理论的实际适用局限提出新见解。本文结合传统“秘密窃取说”与新“公开盗窃说”的各自优势，提出盗窃罪认定的二元路径，主张以“秘密窃取说”为基础兼容“公开盗窃说”，以“取财行为是否暴力”作为标准，将“秘密性”与“公开性”作为“平和窃取”的行为修饰，提供相对理性的评价标准。
• DOI: 10.35534/pss.0804057 (registering DOI)
• Cite: 杨莫轩，陈智信．盗窃罪认定的二元路径：以“秘密性”为基础适用“公开盗窃说”的合理性研究［J］．社会科学进展，2026，8（4）：322-329.