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注意焦点对儿童运动学习和表现的影响：国外研究进展与启示

Effects of Attentional Focus on Children’s Motor Learning and Performance: Research Progress and Enlightenment from Abroad

Study on China Physical Science / 2025,7(1): 10-20 / 2025-02-21 152 113

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• Authors: 何锦浩      卓岩     
• Information:

  四川大学体育学院，成都

• Keywords: Attentional focus; Motor performance; Motor learning; Children; Research progress 注意焦点；运动表现；运动学习；儿童；研究进展
• Abstract: Attentional focus is the specific attentional instructions and feedback given to the learner by the instructor. In order to promote the research progress in the field of the influence of attentional focus on children’s motor learning and performance, and to promote the development of children’s sports in China, we used the literature method to sort out and analyze the relevant literature in foreign countries in the past 20 years, and found that there are the following problems in the existing researches: (1) Existing research emphasizes the results of exercise and ignores the process of exercise, and lacks attention to the children’s own motor learning patterns and growth; (2) research on the impact of exercise effects focuses on the population of children with special needs, but the effect of its focus of attention needs to be explored in depth; (3) there are more variables influencing the attentional focus effect, but the exact mechanism of influence is unclear; (4) the experimental ecological validity is low and the operational check lacks objectivity. Enlightenment for future related research in China: (1) emphasize the research on the effect of attentional focus on children’s motor process and establish the correct form of movement; (2) further explore the effect of attentional focus in the population of children with special needs, and record the individual learning curves; (3) further enrich the research on the influencing variables of attentional focus effect, and explore the exact influencing mechanism; (4) increase the number of experimental scenarios and longitudinal studies, and innovate the means of operational checking. 注意焦点是指施教者给予学习者的特定注意力指令和反馈。为推进注意焦点对儿童运动学习和表现影响的研究，促进我国儿童体育教育的发展，本研究运用文献资料法对国外近20年来相关文献进行梳理，发现已有研究存在以下问题：（1）过于重视运动结果忽略运动过程，缺乏对儿童本身动作学习规律和特点的关注；（2）运动效果影响研究多聚焦于特殊儿童群体，但其注意焦点影响效应尚待深入挖掘；（3）注意焦点效应的影响变量较多，但其确切影响机制尚不明确；（4）实验生态学效度较低，操作检查缺乏客观性。基于此，对未来我国相关研究提出以下启示：（1）重视注意焦点对儿童运动过程的影响研究，建立正确的运动形式；（2）深入挖掘特殊儿童群体的注意焦点效应，记录其个人学习曲线；（3）丰富注意焦点效应影响变量的研究，探索其确切影响机制；（4）增加实验场景和纵向研究，创新操作检查手段。
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.35534/scps.0701003
• Cite: 何锦浩，卓岩．注意焦点对儿童运动学习和表现的影响：国外研究进展与启示［J］．中国体育研究，2025，7（1）：10-20．