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新中国成立后我国射箭运动的发展历程

The Development History of Archery in China after the Founding of the People’s Republic of China

Study on China Physical Science / 2025,7(2): 149-156 / 2025-07-04 18 12

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• Authors: 姜舒馨¹ 罗长新² 李家乐³ 张国栋¹
• Information:

  1．西南大学体育学院，重庆；
  2．贵州工程应用技术学院体育学院，毕节；
  3．西北师范大学体育学院，兰州

• Keywords:
  Chinese archery; Archery sports; Traditional national sports; Development history
  中国射箭; 射箭运动; 民族传统体育; 发展历程
• Abstract: This study aims to systematically comb the development history of archery in China after the founding of the People’s Republic of China, and reveal its achievements and characteristics in cultural inheritance, improvement of competitive level, public popularization, and industrial integration, so as to provide a historical basis for the policy formulation of archery under the strategy of building a sports power. Through the literature analysis method, domestic databases such as CNKI, Wan fang Data, and VIP Information, as well as international databases such as Web of Science and PubMed, were searched with keywords such as “archery”, “archery sports”, “traditional national sports”, and “archery development”. A total of 426 relevant literatures were screened, and repeated and low-relevance literatures were excluded to ensure that the samples covered multi-dimensional studies such as competition, culture, and education. The text induction method was used to classify and sort out the literatures. The research results show that since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the development of archery in China has gone through four stages: 1949—1978 was the stage of traditional archery restoration and initial establishment of the competitive system, marked by athletes such as Zhao Suxia and Li Shulan breaking world records; 1979—2000 was the stage of international integration and training technology innovation, improving the competitive level through the introduction of technologies such as EMG feedback; 2001—2011 was the stage of historic breakthrough in the Olympic Games and leap in competitive level, with Zhang Juanjuan winning the gold medal in the 2008 Olympic Games to achieve a breakthrough; 2012—2024 was the stage of deepening scientific training and public popularization, with the vigorous development of archery courses in colleges and universities and national competitions. The value of this study lies in providing theoretical reference and practical paths for the sustainable development of archery, and at the same time providing important references for inheriting excellent traditional Chinese culture, promoting the development of national fitness undertakings, and building a sports power and a cultural power. 本研究旨在采用历史分期法，系统性梳理1949年至2024年新中国成立后我国射箭运动的发展历程，深入剖析其在文化传承范式演进、竞技水平梯度提升、大众参与度量化增长及产业协同效应等维度的阶段性特征。通过构建历史解释框架，为体育强国战略下射箭运动的政策供给、训练体系优化及文化传承路径提供历时性参照，同时揭示传统体育项目现代化转型的内在规律。研究采用系统文献综述法（SystematicLiteratureReview），检索覆盖CNKI、万方、维普等中文学术数据库及WebofScience、PubMed等国际引文数据库，以“射箭”“射箭运动”“民族传统体育”“射箭发展”等为关键词，筛选出426篇相关文献，剔除重复及低相关性文献，确保样本覆盖竞技、文化、教育等多维度研究，并采用文本归纳法对文献进行分类整理。研究结果表明，新中国成立以来，我国射箭运动经历了四个发展阶段：1949—1978年为传统射箭恢复与竞技体系初步建立阶段，以赵素霞、李淑兰等运动员打破世界纪录为标志；1979—2000年为国际接轨与训练技术革新阶段，通过引入EMG反馈等技术提升竞技水平；2001—2011年为奥运历史性突破与竞技水平跃升阶段，张娟娟在2008年奥运会夺金实现突破；2012—2024年为科学化训练与大众普及深化阶段，高校射艺课程和全国性赛事蓬勃发展。本研究的价值在于为射箭运动的可持续发展提供理论参考与实践路径，同时为传承中华优秀传统文化、促进全民健身事业发展及建设体育强国和文化强国提供重要借鉴。
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.35534/scps.0702022
• Cite: 姜舒馨，罗长新，李家乐，等．新中国成立后我国射箭运动的发展历程［J］．中国体育研究，2025，7（2）：149-156．