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大学体育课程项目与学生心肺机能水平的关系研究——以同济大学为例

A Study on the Relationship Between College Physical Education Curriculum Items and Students’ Cardiopulmonary Function Level —A Case Study of Tongji University

刘敏

Study on China Physical Science / 2026,8(1): 63-67 / 2026-04-01 17 12

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• Information:

  同济大学体育部，上海

• Keywords:
  College students; College physical education curriculum items; Cardiopulmonary function level; Correlation study
  大学生; 大学体育课程项目; 心肺机能水平; 关系研究
• Abstract: Based on the cardiopulmonary endurance adaptation mechanism in exercise physiology and the theory of exercise-specific load, this study takes undergraduate students at our university as research subjects to empirically explore the intrinsic relationship between different physical education curriculum items and students’ cardiopulmonary function level. The study reveals that among the 15 offered courses, the specialized course performance exhibits two distinct characteristics in relation to vital capacity and endurance running results: significant correlation and no correlation. From the perspective of physiological mechanisms, three events—football, badminton, and cricket—feature a high proportion of technical movements, making it difficult to sustain exercise intensity at the effective threshold for improving cardiopulmonary function. Although the data show no significant correlation with cardiopulmonary function, this finding is still consistent with the law of motor skill learning: during the acquisition stage of technical movements, students focus most of their attention on movement standardization, resulting in physiological load during actual exercise that fails to effectively meet the demands of cardiopulmonary endurance development, thus showing no obvious cardiopulmonary enhancement effect. In contrast, events such as basketball, tennis, and swimming involve large muscle groups and continuous activity, which can effectively induce cardiopulmonary adaptation in the body and therefore produce significant effects. Gender differences show that swimming and cricket have statistically significant effects on promoting cardiopulmonary function in male students, while basketball and swimming are the optimal events for improving cardiopulmonary function in female students. The essence of the above gender differences lies in the matching degree between gender-specific physical fitness characteristics and movement patterns of the events. Male students demonstrate stronger cardiopulmonary compensatory ability in strength-based and confrontational events, whereas female students are more likely to maintain stable physiological load in dexterous and sustained events. This provides empirical evidence for offering specialized courses that produce significant cardiopulmonary benefits for both genders. 本文基于运动生理学中心肺耐力适应机制与运动专项负荷理论，以我校本科生为研究对象，实证探讨了不同体育课程项目与学生心肺机能水平之间的内在关联。研究发现，在15个开设项目中，课程专项成绩与肺活量、耐力跑成绩呈现显著相关性与无相关性两类特征。从生理机制角度分析，足球、羽毛球及板球三个项目由于技术动作占比较高，运动强度难以持续维持在提升心肺功能的有效阈值，尽管数据显示其与心肺机能无显著相关性，但这一结论依旧符合‘运动技能学习规律’，即在技术动作习得阶段，学生注意力多集中于动作规范，导致实际运动中的生理负荷未能有效覆盖心肺耐力发展的需求，因此未能表现出明显的心肺提升效应。而篮球、网球、游泳等项目具备大肌群参与、持续性强的特点，能有效诱导机体产生心肺适应，故作用显著。男女生差异显示：游泳与板球对促进男生心肺机能发展具有统计学意义，而篮球与游泳则是提升女生心肺机能水平的最优项目。以上性别差异的本质在于性别特异性体能特征与项目动作模式的匹配度。男生在力量型与对抗性项目中表现出更强的心肺代偿能力；而女生在灵巧性与持续性项目中则更易维持稳定的生理负荷，这为开设不同性别群体均有显著心肺增益效果的专项课程提供了实证依据。
• DOI: 10.35534/scps.0801010 (registering DOI)
• Cite: 刘敏．大学体育课程项目与学生心肺机能水平的关系研究——以同济大学为例［J］．中国体育研究，2026，8（1）：63-67.