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弗洛伊德精神分析学说的科学性再探讨——基于库恩的范式和波普尔的可证伪性

Re-Discussion on the Scientific Character of Freud’s Psychoanalysis — Based on Kuhn’s Paradigm and Popper’s Falsification

Theory and Practice of Psychological Counseling / 2025,7(10): 695-703 / 2025-10-22 42 19

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• Authors: 刘子潇¹ 王静²
• Information:

  1. 上海大学社会学院，上海；
  2. 同济大学人文学院，上海

• Keywords:
  Freud; Psychoanalysis; Scientific character; Paradigm; Falsifiability
  弗洛伊德; 精神分析; 科学性; 范式; 可证伪性
• Abstract: The scientific nature of Freud’s psychoanalysis has attracted attention from multiple disciplines. Especially in the field of philosophy of science, Popper’s explicit criticism has sparked extensive discussions. This paper re-examines the scientificity of Freud’s psychoanalysis from the perspectives of two renowned 20th-century philosophers of science, Kuhn and Popper. It is found that the establishment process of psychoanalysis is highly consistent with the process of scientific revolution elaborated by Kuhn, and the connotation of psychoanalysis is basically in line with the four components of the disciplinary matrix of a paradigm. Popper’s critical argument that Freud’s Oedipus Complex is unfalsifiable has, with the evidence of a number of domestic and international research materials, turned into a supporting argument for its falsifiability. Finally, the reasons for the persistent controversy over the scientific validity of psychoanalysis established by Freud are discussed and clarified. 弗洛伊德所创立的精神分析学说的科学性问题是多学科共同关注的议题，尤其在科学哲学领域，因波普尔的明确批判引发了广泛讨论。本文从20世纪两位著名科学哲学家库恩与波普尔的理论视角，对弗洛伊德精神分析学说的科学性问题展开再探讨，发现精神分析的建立过程和库恩所阐释的科学革命过程高度契合，其内涵亦基本符合范式学科基质的四个组成部分；而波普尔关于弗洛伊德俄狄浦斯情结无法证伪的批判论点，在国内外多项研究材料的佐证下，转而成为支持其具备可证伪性的论据。最后，本文对弗洛伊德的精神分析学说科学性争议不断的原因进行了相应探讨和澄清。
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.35534/tppc.0710077（DOI 注册中）
• Cite: 刘子潇, 王静. (2025). 弗洛伊德精神分析学说的科学性再探讨——基于库恩的范式和波普尔的可证伪性. 心理咨询理论与实践, 7(10), 695-703.