生命意义感团体辅导对大学生孤独感的干预研究
A Study on the Intervention of Group Counseling with Sense of Life Meaning on Loneliness of College Students
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- Keywords: Sense of life meaning; Loneliness; Group counseling; College student生命意义感; 孤独感; 团体辅导; 大学生
- Abstract: Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of group counseling on lonelinessof college students. Methods: 17 college students were recruited as subjects in a university in Sichuanprovince, and the 17 subjects were divided into intervention group (n=8) and control group (n=9).The Chinese version of life meaning scale and boredom tendency questionnaire were used to test theintervention group and control group before and after. Results: After group intervention, the total scoreof meaning of life (t=-3.353, p<0.05) and have meaning dimension scores (t=-2.986, p<0.05) in theintervention group were significantly increased, and loneliness dimension in boredom tendency (t=2.909,p<0.05) was significantly decreased. Conclusion: The meaning of life group counseling can effectivelyalleviate the loneliness of college students.目的：本研究旨在探究生命意义感团体辅导对大学生孤独感的影响作用。方法：在四川某高校招募17名大学生作为被试，将17名被试分成干预组（n=8）和对照组（n=9），采用生命意义感量表中文版、大学生无聊倾向问卷对干预组和对照组进行前后测。结果：生命意义感团体干预后，干预组在生命意义感总分（t=-3.353，p<0.05）以及拥有意义（t=-2.986，p<0.05）维度得分显著提高，无聊倾向中孤独感（t=2.909，p<0.05）维度显著降低。结论：生命意义感团体辅导可以有效缓解大学生孤独感。
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科研立项
阈下社会比较对女大学生自我评价的影响
The Influence of Subliminal Social Comparison on Female College Students’ Self-evaluation
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- Keywords: Subliminal social comparison; Self-evaluation; Thin-ideal; Body appearance anxiety阈下社会比较; 自我评价; 瘦理想; 身体外观焦虑
- Abstract: Objective: To investigate the influence of subliminal social comparison on explicit selfevaluationbased on previous studies in the field of female body intention. How: The questionnairemethod was combined with the experimental method, and 80 female college students from a universityfor Minorities were recruited as subjects, including 20 from freshmen to seniors. The subscale of bodydissatisfaction (BD) was used for pre-experiment measurement, and two rounds of subthresholdemotional initiation task (SAP) were conducted. The independent variables were body dissatisfaction (highvs low) and test time (first vs second). The dependent variables were physical appearance state and TraitAnxiety Scale (PASTAS) scores. Results: There were significant differences in the body dissatisfaction offemale college students in different grades. The body dissatisfaction of freshman was significantly higherthan that of sophomore. There was no significant difference in the subgroup variables of PASTAS scoresbetween the two groups, but it showed a decreasing trend with increasing age. There was a significantpositive correlation between body dissatisfaction and the scores of the first PASTAS and a significantnegative correlation between the scores of the second PASTAS. There is a significant difference betweenHan and minority groups in the reaction of buttons when there are pictures of “thin ideal” models, andthe proportion of Han people who like to respond is significantly higher. Conclusion: The higher thedegree of body dissatisfaction, the more susceptible female college students are to subliminal socialcomparison, which leads to explicit negative self-evaluation; The degree of body appearance anxiety offemale college students will gradually decrease with the increase of age. Social comparison is automatic,female college students exposed to subthreshold upward social comparison have more negative evaluationof themselves, resulting in contrast effect; The influence of subthreshold social comparison on minorityfemale college students is less than that of Han female college students.目的：结合以往阈下社会比较在女性身体意向领域的研究，考察阈下社会比较对个体外显自我评价的影响。方法：问卷法与实验法相结合，招募某民族大学的80名女大学生为被试，大一至大四各20人，采用身体不满意度（BD）分量表进行实验前测量，进行两轮阈下情绪启动任务（SAP），自变量为身体不满意度（高vs低）、测试时间（第一次vs第二次），因变量为身体外表状态和特质焦虑量表（PASTAS）得分。结果：不同年级女大学生的身体不满意度值存在显著差异，大一被试的身体不满意度值显著高于大二；两组PASTAS得分的各分组变量的差异不显著，但呈现随年龄增加而降低的趋势；身体不满意度与第一次PASTAS得分存在显著正相关，两次PASTAS得分存在显著负相关；汉族和少数民族群体在有“瘦理想”模特图片出现时的按键反应有显著差异，汉族做出喜欢反应的比例显著更高。结论：女大学生的身体不满意程度越高，越容易受到阈下社会比较的影响，从而导致外显的负面自我评价；女大学生的身体外观焦虑程度会随着年龄的增大而逐步减小；社会比较是自动化的，接触阈下上行社会比较的女大学生对自己的评价更加负面，产生对比效应；阈下社会比较对少数民族女大学生的影响较汉族女大学生的影响更小。
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中职生歧视知觉与心理健康的关系研究
A Study on the Relationship between Discrimination Perception and Mental Health among Vocational School Students
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- Keywords: Vocational school students; Discrimination perception; Mental health中职生; 歧视知觉; 心理健康
- Abstract: This study aims to explore the relationship between discrimination perception and mentalhealth among vocational school students. A questionnaire survey was conducted to analyze the currentstatus of discrimination perception and mental health among vocational school students, as well as therelationship between the two variables. The results indicated that vocational students generaly havea certain level of discrimination perception. Overall, their mental health is relatively good, but somestudents do experience certain psychological health issues. Furthermore, the discrimination perceptionof vocational students significantly predicts their mental health in a negative manner. Therefore, inorder to reduce discrimination perception and improve the mental health of vocational school students,collaborative efforts from schools, families, and society are required.为探究中职生歧视知觉与心理健康的关系，运用问卷调查法分析中职生歧视知觉现状、心理健康现状及二者的关系。结果显示：中职生普遍存在一定的歧视知觉；心理健康水平总体较好，但部分学生存在一定的心理健康问题；中职生的歧视知觉对其心理健康具有显著负向预测作用。因此，为了降低中职生的歧视知觉并提高他们的心理健康水平，需要学校、家庭和社会各界共同努力。
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科研立项
团体辅导中阻抗现象综述
Review on Resistance in Group Counseling
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- Keywords: Group counseling; Resistance; Review团体辅导; 阻抗; 综述
- Abstract: Group counseling is an effective educational activity for preventing psychological distress and promoting personality development, and since its rise in colleges and universities in the 1980s, it has been widely used in numerous fields such as therapy, education, and vocational training. However, group counseling, as a psychological intervention that provides a real social environment, is bound to produce resistance. This paper summarizes the following forms of impedance in terms of group process and member interaction: silence, pairing and subgrouping, power struggles, irregular attendance and attrition, scapegoating, aggression, rationalization, off-topic discussion, humor, and offering advice and rescue. The group dynamics perspective argues that when group activities progress too close to the underlying conflict, members will exhibit behaviors that withdraw from the discussion, put into action, or otherwise prevent the activity from continuing further; some scholars argue that impedance in group counseling and therapy is essentially the same as impedance in individual counseling and therapy, and refer to Freud's classification of impedance in individual counseling to distinguish and explain resistance in groups; and autopoietic The psychological perspective considers autopoiesis as a part of group autopoiesis. In group therapy, if a conflict event interferes with the group process, members will show impedance because they feel anxious due to the impairment of the group autopoiesis. There are many studies that define and classify impedance in groups, but the theoretical explanation of the causes of impedance in groups is not yet complete, and the relationship between the level of group impedance and the degree of group goal achievement needs to be verified empirically. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a model of impedance in the group counseling process in the future; and to further explore the dynamic patterns of consistency between different work stages and impedance levels in different models.团体辅导是一种预防心理困扰和促进人格发展的有效的教育活动，自 20世纪 80年代在高校兴起后，已在治疗、教育、职业训练等众多领域得到广泛应用。然而， 团体辅导作为一种能够提供逼真社交环境的心理干预手段，产生阻抗是必然的。 来访者预感自我受到威胁时会表现出阻抗行为，阻抗预示着领导者触及到问题的核心或者症结所在，本文从团体进程和成员互动的层面总结了以下几种阻抗表现形式：沉默、对配与亚团体、权利争夺、成员不规律出席与流失、替罪羊、攻击、合理化、讨论偏题、幽默、提供建议与拯救。团体动力的观点认为，当团体活动进展到过于接近基本冲突时，成员会表现出退出讨论、付诸行动或其他阻止活动继续深入的行为；也有学者认为团体辅导与治疗中的阻抗与个人咨询与治疗中的阻抗在本质上是相同的，并参考弗洛伊德对个体咨询中阻抗的分类来区分和解释团体中的抵抗；而自体心理学的观点则认为自体是团体自体的一部分。在团体治疗中，如果有冲突事件干扰团体进程，成员会因团体自体受损而感到焦虑而表现出阻抗。目前已有较多研究对团体中的阻抗进行界定与分类，但关于团体中的阻抗成因的理论解释尚不完备，团体阻抗水平与团体目标达成程度的关系有待实证验证。因此未来有必要形成针对团体辅导进程中阻抗模型；并进一步探究不同模型中的不同工作阶段与阻抗水平一致性变化的动态模式。
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科研立项
