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父母教养方式与幼儿分离焦虑的关系及教育建议

The Relationship Between Parenting Style and Separation Anxiety of Preschool Children and Educational Suggestions

Education Study / 2025,7(11): 1197-1202 / 2025-12-01 17 8

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• Authors: 李可雨¹² 马雪¹ 王薇薇¹²
• Information:

  1．西南民族大学教育学与心理学学院，成都；
  2．四川省民族教育发展研究中心，成都

• Keywords:
  Preschool children; Separation anxiety; Parenting style; Emotional safety
  幼儿; 分离焦虑; 父母教养方式; 情绪安全
• Abstract: Separation anxiety refers to a state of distress and sorrow experienced by preschool children when separated from their primary caregivers during the initial stage of kindergarten admission, characterized by resistance to separation. It represents a significant stage in early socialization and holds considerable implications for children’s psychological health development. An investigation into the relationship between parenting styles and separation anxiety (N = 300) revealed a close association, wherein overprotective and neglectful parenting styles exacerbate separation anxiety in young children, while an authoritative parenting style is inversely correlated with it. Based on Emotional Security Theory and Ecological Systems Theory, this study proposes family-centered educational recommendations: Within the family environment, parents should attach importance to creating an emotionally supportive atmosphere, and enhance children’s psychological security through stable daily interactions and gradual separation strategies. Simultaneously, attention should be paid to the coordinated development of children’s autonomy and emotion regulation abilities by providing appropriate opportunities for independent exploration. Furthermore, establishing stable and predictable family interaction patterns helps children form reasonable expectations about separation and reunion. These approaches collectively contribute to effectively alleviating separation anxiety and promoting the development of their social adaptation abilities. 分离焦虑是幼儿入园初期与抚养人分离时产生的伤心、痛苦，以表示拒绝分离的状态，是幼儿社会化的重要阶段，对幼儿心理健康发展具有重大意义。本研究通过调查父母教养方式与幼儿分离焦虑之间的关系（N=300）发现，父母教养方式与幼儿分离焦虑密切相关，其中过度保护型与忽视型教养方式会加剧幼儿的分离焦虑，而权威型教养方式则与幼儿分离焦虑负相关。基于情绪安全理论与生态系统理论，提出了以家庭为核心的教育建议：在家庭环境中，家长应重视情感支持性环境的创设，通过稳定的日常互动和渐进式分离策略增强幼儿的心理安全感；同时关注幼儿自主性与情绪调节能力的协同发展，提供适当的自主探索机会；并建立稳定可预期的家庭互动模式，帮助幼儿形成对分离与重聚的合理预期，从而有效缓解幼儿分离焦虑，促进其社会适应能力的发展。
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.35534/es.0711223 (registering DOI)
• Cite: 李可雨，马雪，王薇薇．父母教养方式与幼儿分离焦虑的关系及教育建议［J］．教育研讨，2025，7（11）：1197-1202．