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中国母亲对学龄儿童惩罚行为的现状及影响因素

The present situation and influencing factors of the punishment behavior of school-aged children

Psychology of China / 2019,1(2): 131-150 / 2019-05-21 6474 9994

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• Authors: 韦志中¹ 卫丽¹ 余晓洁² 赵玉梅³
• Information:

  1. 广州市心丝带心理志愿者协会，广州 510000；
  2. 惠州市心理健康文化协会，惠州 516000；
  3. 摆渡心理咨询服务中心，邯郸 056000

• Keywords:
  Punishment behavior; Non-violent discipline; Psychological attack; Physical attacks
  惩罚行为; 非暴力管教; 心理攻击; 身体攻击
• Abstract: In order to investigate the current situation of mother' punishment behavior for the primary school students，the study adopted the Chinese revised strategy scale （CTSPC），and recruited 342 effective participants through the Internet platform. The results showed that：（1） 99.4% of mothers had non-violent discipline for children，non-violent discipline is affected by the child's grade. in recent year， the average frequency of nonviolent parenting for third and fourth graders is 24.55 times，the average frequency for first and second graders is 23.82 times，and the average frequency for fifth and sixth graders is 17.13 times；（2）93.9% of mothers had psychological attacks on children. The prevalence of psychological attacks is different in mother's degree、family income and child sex，the frequency of maternal psychological attack varies in mother's degree、child's gender and children's grade，and the mother's degree and the child's gender interaction is significant；（3） 86.8% of mothers had physical attacks on young children. The prevalence of physical attacks is different in family income、child's gender and children's grade，and the mother's degree and the child's gender interaction is significant on the frequency of maternal physical attack. Conclusion：（1）when children do wrong things，it is very common for mother to make maternal nonviolence、psychological attacks and physical attacks. Among them，nonviolent discipline is the most，psychological attack is second，physical attack least.（2）The prevalence and frequency of maternal punishment are influenced by child factors （gender and grade） and family factors （mother's degree，family income）. 为了考察母亲对学龄儿童惩罚行为的现状，研究采用中文修订版的亲子冲突解决策略量表（CTSPC），借助互联网平台招募有效被试342名。结果发现：（1）99.4%的母亲对学龄儿童实施过非暴力管教，且非暴力管教存在学段主效应，在近一年内，母亲对3～4学段、1～2学段和5～6学段儿童非暴力管教平均次数分别为24.55次、23.82次和17.13次；（2）93.9%的母亲对学龄儿童实施过心理攻击，母亲心理攻击的普遍性在母亲学历、家庭年收入和儿童性别变量上存在显著差异，母亲心理攻击的频繁性在母亲学历、儿童性别和所在学段变量上存在显著差异，且母亲学历和儿童性别的交互作用显著；（3）86.8%的母亲对学龄儿童实施过身体攻击，母亲身体攻击的普遍性在家庭年收入、儿童性别和所在学段方面存在显著差异，母亲身体攻击的频繁性在母亲学历和儿童性别的交互作用上存在显著差异。结论：（1）当儿童遭受惩罚时，母亲对儿童的非暴力管教、心理攻击和身体攻击都很普遍，其中非暴力管教最为频繁，心理攻击次之，身体攻击最少；（2）母亲惩罚行为的普遍性和频繁性会受到儿童因素（性别和学段）和家庭因素（母亲学历、家庭年收入）的影响。
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.35534/pc/0102009
• Cite:

  韦志中，卫丽，余晓洁，等．中国母亲对学龄儿童惩罚行为的现状及影响因素［J］. 中国心理学前沿，2019，1（2）：131-150.

  https://doi.org/10.35534/pc/0102009