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突发公共卫生事件下的幸存者内疚：内涵、影响因素与干预

Survivor Guilt in the Public Health Emergency: Connotation, Influence Factors and Intervention

中国心理学前沿 / 2021,3(5)：510-520 / 2021-05-27 422 527

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• 作者： 郭子涵¹      张馨予²     
• 单位：

  1．湖北大学楚才学院，武汉；
  2．湖北大学师范学院，武汉

• 关键词： 幸存者内疚；影响因素；认知干预；突发公共卫生事件
• Survivor guilt; Influence factors; Cognitive therapy; Public health emergency
• 摘要： 幸存者内疚是指经历灾难性事件后存活下来的个体，会因自己的幸存而感到内疚。幸存者内疚一般在创伤后产生，个体的共情能力、归因和评价能力等个人因素会对其产生影响。幸存者内疚会给个体带来诸多消极影响，但也可能促进个体发展利他行为。某些针对PTSD的循证疗法能降低个体的幸存者内疚；新近的干预方法以矫正歪曲的内疚认知为重点。未来研究可关注公共卫生事件下的幸存者内疚、开展跨文化研究，探索幸存者内疚干预机制。
• The Survivor guilt is an unique guilt. In the context of disasters, The survivors during disasters with guilty emotion is used to describe the feelings of people who have experienced events such as war or natural disasters. Some researchers suggests that Who have survived from the disasters often feel guilty. Survivor Guilt is a special form of guilt, so we can use common measurement of guilt to evaluate it. It mainly includes self-report, situational / episodic emotional measurement, brain imaging technology and so on. Generally the generation of guilt relates to two kinds of factors: personal characteristics and situational factors. Empathy, attribution and evaluation style will have a major influence on survivor guilt. Survivor guilt may bring many negative effects to the individuals. Some researchers have proposed that post-traumatic survivors tend to develop the guilty behavior modes. Such as alexithymia, social avoidance, irritability, self-deprecation, etc, resulting in a variety of physical and psychological problems. However, on the other hand, due to the interpersonal nature of survivor guilt, it can improve the group cohesion and promote the altruistic behaviors, and it will urge individuals to apologize, compensate and other prosocial behaviors. Although some non-specific interventions have been used, there is no specific intervention methods to alleviate survivor guilt. Evidence-based treatments for PTSD such as Prolonged Exposure Therapy (PE) can help individuals successfully process traumatic guilt, but not all studies support this conclusion. At present, cognitive therapy is the key point of our intervention, because cognitive factors play an important role in the generation of guilt. In general, there are a lack of targeted research on survivors guilt, we suggest to consider the following aspects comprehensively: research on the survivors guilt in the public health event; cross-cultural research on the survivors guilt; study the mechanism of survivors guilt.
• DOI： https://doi.org/10.35534/pc.0305062
• 引用： 郭子涵，张馨予．突发公共卫生事件下的幸存者内疚：内涵、影响因素与干预［J］．中国心理学前沿，2021，3（5）：510-520．