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高校学生在突发公共卫生事件过程中的心理应激及应对特征研究——以COVID-19事件为例

Research on Psychological Stress and Coping Features of College Students in Public Health EmergEncies —Consider COVID-19 as an Example

中国心理学前沿 / 2022,4(2)：204-210 / 2022-02-25 351 303

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• 作者： 肖琼¹魏晓言¹焦文洁¹赵晶¹董建红¹赵健²     
• 单位：

  1．西安石油大学学生心理成长指导中心，西安；
  2．西安石油大学学生工作处，西安

• 关键词： COVID-19；突发公共卫生事件；高校学生；心理应激；应对
• COVID-19; Public health emergencies; College students; Psychological stress; Coping
• 摘要： 目的：探索COVID-19 疫情发展过程中大学生心理应激表现及其影响因素的特征，为突发公共卫生事件心理应激与应对积累实证资料。方法：采用自编问卷调查疫情“流行期”及“后流行期”大学生的心理应激情况，用SPSS26.0 进行统计分析。结果：大学生的心理应激状态“流行期”时严重于“后流行期”，暴躁易怒因子除外；女性的心理应激程度高于男性；大三学生的心理应激水平最高；适当关注疫情、每天疫情关注时间在1 小时左右、平常应对心态与低心理应激相伴随；心理调适知识的获得与运用与心理应激相伴随。结论：高校学生在COVID-19 时期的心理应激可以分为感受期（感知期）、上升期（失控期）、减缓期（可控期）、 留痕期（消失期）四阶段，应根据疫情不同时期大学生心理应激水平的表现、差异及影响因素，提供有针对性的心理健康教育及干预。
• Objective: To explore the characteristics of college students’ psychological stress and its influencing factors during the development of COVID-19 pandemic, and to accumulate empirical data for psychological stress and response to public health emergencies. Methods: 3015 college students were pretested by self-compiled questionnaire during the “prevalent period”, 1859 students were post-tested by self-compiled questionnaire and UPI during the “post-prevalent period”, and SPSS26.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results: The psychological stress of college students increased with the increase of the severity of the pandemic. The “prevalent period” was more serious than the “post-prevalent period”, but in terms of irritability, the “post-prevalent period” was more serious. The degree of psychological stress in females is higher than that in males. The psychological stress of first-year students is the lowest, and that of third-year students is the highest. Undergraduates are more likely to have low pleasure than graduate students. Proper attention should be paid to the pandemic situation, and one hour a day is more suitable. The normal coping attitude is accompanied by low psychological stress. The acquisition and application of psychological adjustment knowledge are accompanied by psychological stress. Conclusion: The psychological stress of college teachers and students in the period of COVID-19 can be divided into four stages: feeling period (perception period), rising period (out of control period), reducing period (controllable period) and leaving marks period (disappearing period)，and the mental health education and intervention should be provided correspondingly.
• DOI： https://doi.org/10.35534/pc.0402026
• 引用： 肖琼，魏晓言，焦文洁，等．高校学生在突发公共卫生事件过程中的心理应激及应对特征研究——以COVID-19 事件为例［J］．中国心理学前沿，2022，4（2）：204-210．