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中学生自杀危机现状及其影响因素研究

A Study on the Current Situation of Suicide Crisis in Middle School Students and its Influencing Factors

Psychology of China / 2022,4(9): 980-992 / 2022-09-19 512 576

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• Authors: 肖前国¹ 张泽娅² 王婷¹ 吴希聪³
• Information:

  1．重庆文理学院教育学院，重庆；
  2．兴业银行股份有限公司，重庆；
  3．重庆市第一一0 中学校，重庆

• Keywords:
  Suicide crisis; Suicidal ideation; Depression; School bullying
  自杀危机; 自杀意念; 抑郁; 校园霸凌
• Abstract: Recent years, suicides among middle school students have occurred frequently, which has attracted broad attention. In this study, depression self-assessment scale, childhood trauma experience scale, psychological pain scale and open-ended questions were used to investigate the current situation of middle school students’ suicide crisis, and to explore the social psychological factors leading to middle school students’ suicide crisis. A total of 876 valid questionnaires were collected from junior and senior high school students aged 12~18 in Chongqing. SPSS and NVivo were used for quantitative and qualitative analysis. The results showed that: (1) The degree of depression and despair of middle school students was significantly correlated with suicide ideation and suicide plan, while psychological trauma was only significantly correlated with suicide ideation, but not with suicide plan; (2) Suicidal ideation is related to depression, psychological pain, despair and suicidal behavior; (3) Suicide ideation has significant differences in depression, psychological pain, psychological trauma, despair, grade, whether parents are divorced, and whether they are left behind children; (4) The results of qualitative analysis showed that campus bullying, sex, intimacy crisis and injury were important factors that middle school students thought would lead to suicidal behavior. In short, the current situation of suicide crisis in middle school students is not optimistic. The psychological factors that affect middle school students’ suicide ideation, suicide plan and suicide behavior are different, which is worthy of further study. 本研究采用抑郁自评量表、童年创伤经历量表、心理痛苦等量表及自编开放式问题调查中学生自杀危机的现状，并探究导致中学生自杀危机的社会心理影响因素。选择重庆市内的12～18岁的初、高中在读学生参与调查，共回收有效问卷876份，运用SPSS，NVivo进行量化分析与质性分析。结果发现：（1）中学生的抑郁、绝望程度与自杀意念和自杀计划显著相关，而心理创伤仅仅与自杀意念显著相关，与自杀计划无显著相关；（2）自杀意念、抑郁、心理痛苦、绝望与自杀行为相关；（3）自杀意念在抑郁情绪、心理痛苦、心理创伤、绝望以及年级、父母是否离异，是否为留守儿童上差异显著；（4）质性分析结果显示校园霸凌、性、亲密关系危机、伤病是中学生自认为会导致自杀行为的重要因素。总之，自杀危机在中学生群体中的现状不容乐观，影响中学生自杀意念、自杀计划、自杀行为的心理因素不尽相同，值得进一步研究。
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.35534/pc.0409117
• Cite: 肖前国，张泽娅，王婷，等．中学生自杀危机现状及其影响因素研究［J］．中国心理学前沿，2022，4（9）：980-992．