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大学生心理危机影响因素的综合探究——基于21级新生的心理普测

A Comprehensive Study on the Factors Affecting College Students’ Psychological Crisis

中国心理学前沿 / 2023,5(3)：196-204 / 2023-03-15 45 36

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• 作者： 王颉     
• 单位：

  山东交通学院，济南

• 关键词： 大学生心理危机；年龄；早年创伤；价值观；社会支持
• College students’ psychological crisis; Age; Childhood trauma; Life values; Social support
• 摘要： 目的：描述山东省某高校5934名大一新生的心理健康水平，并探索引发大学生心理危机的影响因素，为高校心理健康工作的有效开展提供依据。方法：采用北京大学心云心理健康管理系统对某高校2021级大一新生进行心理筛查。本研究将出现心理危机风险高的学生定为风险组，没有或出现心理危机风险较低的学生定为对照组，分析影响大学生心理危机的因素。结果：多因素logistic回归分析显示，大学生的年龄（OR=0.90，95％CI：0.83～0.98）、父母关系恶劣（OR=1.58，95％CI：1.15～2.18）、从小被寄养（OR=1.47， 95％CI：1.03～2.09）、遭受躯体暴力（OR=1.73，95％CI：1.08～2.77）、被性侵犯（OR=2.42，95％CI：1.40～4.17）、被精神虐待（OR=6.06，95％CI：3.02～12.14）、和家人关系不佳（OR=1.50，95％CI：1.23～1.82）、和朋友关系不好（OR=1.76，95％CI：1.51～2.06）、失去人生（OR=2.24，95％CI：2.03～2.70）和学习意义（OR=1.84，95％CI：1.61～2.10）是学生出现心理危机的高危因素。结论：本研究为心理危机干预理论提供了数据支撑，即心理危机的产生是多方面因素共同影响的结果。早年创伤，如父母关系恶劣和分离经历等，薄弱的社会支持以及价值观的缺陷都是心理危机产生的危险因素。
• Objective: to investigate the mental health condition of 5934 freshmen in a university in Shandong province, and to explore the factors influencing college students’ psychological crisis, so as to shed insights on the mental health work in colleges and universities. Methods: Xin Yun Mental Health Management System was used to screen psychologically risky freshmen starting 2021 in a university. In this study, the students with high risk of psychological crisis were selected as the risk group, and the students with no or low risk of psychological crisis as the control group. In this way, the factors affecting college students’ psychological crisis were analyzed. Results: multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that major factors include age (OR=0.90, 95%CI: 0.83~0.98), bad parental relationship (OR=1.58, 95%CI: 1.15~2.18), the experience of being fostered (OR=1.47, 95%CI: 1.03~2.09), physical abuse (OR=1.73, 95%CI: 1.08~2.77), sexual abuse (OR=2.42, 95%CI: 1.40~4.17), and psychological abuse (OR=6.06, 95%CI: 3.02~12.14). Poor relationship with family (OR=1.50, 95%CI: 1.23~1.82), bad relationship with friends (OR=1.76, 95%CI: 1.51~2.06), lack of the meaning of life (OR=2.24, 95%CI: 2.03~2.70) as well as learning (OR=1.84, 95%CI: 1.61~2.10) are also risk factors of students’ psychological crisis. Conclusion: this study provides data support for the Tree theory of psychological crisis intervention, that is, the emergence of psychological crisis is the result of the joint influence of psychological , social as well as biological factors. Childhood trauma, such as poor parental relationships and experiences of separation, weak social support and absent life purpose are all risk factors mental health workers should consider.
• DOI： https://doi.org/10.35534/pc.0503024
• 引用： 王颉．大学生心理危机影响因素的综合探究——基于21级新生的心理普测［J］．中国心理学前沿，2023，5（3）：196-204．