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无意识思维的介绍

Introduction to the Unconscious Thought

中国心理学前沿 / 2023,5(3)：225-229 / 2023-03-21 164 257

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• 作者： 杨梦颖     
• 单位：

  广西师范大学教育学部，桂林

• 关键词： 无意识思维；直觉思维；自动化加工
• Unconscious thought; Intuition; Automatic processing
• 摘要： 无意识加工是个体意识未觉醒时进行的自动化思维加工。传统的双加工模型将加工系统分为逻辑系统和直觉系统，并认为直觉系统容易受经验与情感影响导致决策出现谬误。但狄克斯特霍伊斯发现当人们遇到复杂情境时，无意识思维能比意识思维做出更恰当的决策，并由此提出了无意识思维理论。他认为无意识思维具有信息处理容量大、不受权重影响、自下而上进行发散式整体化加工等多个特点，使其在信息加工过程中不囿于经验和刻板印象，从而在复杂任务和创造性任务的决策上优于意识加工。虽然无意识思维的部分实验显示出其缺乏重复性的特点而遭受质疑，但总体还是得到大多证据支持，所有质疑也能够从无意识思维理论层面得到有效的解释。毫无疑问，无意识思维理论的提出为日后的无意识认知研究提供了新的方向。
• Unconscious processing refers to automatic thinking processing when individual consciousness is not awakened. The traditional dual-processing model divides the processing system into logical system and intuitive system, and believes that the intuitive system is easily affected by experience and emotion, which leads to errors in decision-making. But Dijksterhuis found that when people encounter complex situations, unconscious thinking can make better decisions than conscious thinking, and put forward the theory of unconscious thinking. He believes that unconscious thought has many characteristics, such as large capacity of information processing, free from the influence of power, and decentralized and integrated processing from bottom to top, which makes it not limited to experience and stereotype in the process of information processing, so it is superior to conscious processing in the decision-making of complex and creative tasks. Although some of the experiments of unconscious thought showed the lack of repetition and were questioned, they were generally supported by most of the evidence, and the doubts about them could be effectively explained from the theoretical perspective. The theory of unconscious thought provides a direction for future research on unconscious thought.
• DOI： https://doi.org/10.35534/pc.0503028
• 引用： 杨梦颖．无意识思维的介绍［J］．中国心理学前沿，2023，5（3）：225-229．