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铁路高危工种的职业压力与身心健康的实证研究

An Empirical Study on Occupational Stress and Mental Health of High-risk Railway Occupations

Psychology of China / 2023,5(4): 385-396 / 2023-04-25 483 636

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• Authors: 刘爱心     
• Information:

  苏州大学教育学院心理系，苏州

• Keywords: Strain reactions; Professional identification; Psychological capital 紧张反应；职业认同；心理资本
• Abstract: Occupational stress is a prevalent issue among railway workers in China, who hold a highrisk profession due to the long construction period and the non-stop nature of railway operations. The psychological well-being of these workers directly affects the quality of railway services. To investigate the relationship between occupational stress, professional identification, and psychological capital among 1709 railway workers, including contact wire workers, power workers, distribution duty officers, operation car drivers, and management personnel, a questionnaire survey was conducted using SPSS 25.0 statistical software to analyze the data using correlation analysis, variance analysis, and regression analysis. The results indicated that male railway workers have significantly higher vocational and physical strain reactions than female workers. Furthermore, employees with shorter work experience have significantly higher vocational strain reactions than those with longer work experience. The strain reactions of railway workers were negatively correlated with psychological capital and professional identification. Psychological capital was positively correlated with professional identification, which played a partial mediating role in the relationship between strain reactions and the optimism and hope dimensions of psychological capital. In conclusion, occupational stress is a significant risk factor for strain reactions, while professional identification and psychological capital are important protective factors. Strain reactions can negatively predict the optimism and hope aspects of psychological capital. Professional identification plays a partial mediating role between strain reactions and optimism and hope, and improving employee professional identification can enhance their mental and physical health. 在中国，铁路是国家重要基础设施，在中国综合交通运输体系中处于骨干地位。铁路工程建设施工周期长、不可中断性等特点给铁路员工带来了不同程度的心理压力。毋庸置疑，铁路员工这一特殊的高危职业群体的心理健康状况将直接影响铁路运行的质量。针对铁路员工的特殊工作性质，从心理学的角度开展心理健康研究，采用问卷调查的方式，探究1709名铁路接触网工、电力工、配电值班员、作业车司机、管理人员的职业紧张与职业认同、心理资本的关系，采用SPSS 25.0统计软件，运用相关分析、方差分析、回归分析等统计方法处理数据。结果发现，男性铁路员工在业务紧张反应和躯体紧张反应方面均显著高于女性；工作年限短的员工业务紧张反应显著大于工作年限长的员工。铁路员工的紧张反应与心理资本、职业认同呈负相关；心理资本与职业认同呈正相关，并且职业认同在紧张反应与心理资本的乐观和希望维度之间发挥部分中介作用。结论：职业紧张因素是紧张反应的重要危险因素，职业认同和心理资本是主要保护因素。铁路员工的紧张反应可以负向预测其心理资本的乐观和希望方面；职业认同在紧张反应和乐观、希望之间具有部分中介作用，企业对员工职业认同的提升有利于提高员工的身心健康水平。
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.35534/pc.0504046
• Cite: 刘爱心．铁路高危工种的职业压力与身心健康的实证研究［J］．中国心理学前沿，2023，5（4）：385-396．