国际中文开源期刊平台

中小学学校心理危机干预工作的现状：管理与技术

The Present Situation of Psychological Crisis Intervention in Primary and Middle Schools: Management and Technology

中国心理学前沿 / 2023,5(5)：567- 576 / 2023-05-30 269 224

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• 作者： 彭瑶      任薇      杨晓红      陈秋燕     
• 单位：

  西南民族大学，成都

• 关键词： 中小学；心理危机工作；心理危机管理；心理危机技术；现状
• Primary and secondary schools; Psychological crisis work; Psychological crisis management; Psychological crisis technology; Current situation
• 摘要： 目的：了解中小学心理危机工作中心理危机管理和心理危机干预技术的情况。方法：根据国家文件和对中小学各级领导与教师访谈自编学校心理危机干预工作调查问卷，对两省多市1，749名从事中小学心理健康教育的老师进行调研。结果：在心理危机管理上，两省中小学学校心理危机预防—预警—干预—预后已经基本建立，并取得了较多成果，但是在心理危机工作的组织形式、联动的管理制度、人才配置与培训、对心理危机事件的认知和处理等方面还存在不足；在心理危机工作技术上，大部分老师对学生心理危机有了较正确的认知，各校基本可以使用各种干预方式对危机学生及时干预，但常用的危机干预的技术和形式较单一，主要是个体干预，学校对危机学生的预后管理不够、对参加危机干预老师的支持不足，主要表现在危机干预督导的缺乏；心理危机干预工作制度和实践的效果较好，在教师所学专业、工作年限和工作岗位上存在显著差异。
• Objective: To understand the situation of crisis management and crisis intervention in primary and middle schools. Methods: A total of 1, 749 teachers who were engaged in mental health education in primary and secondary schools in two provinces and cities were investigated by using the national documents and the questionnaire. Results: In the management of psychological crisis, the preventionearly warning-intervention-prognosis of psychological crisis in primary and middle schools in the two provinces have been basically established, and more achievements have been made. however, there are still some deficiencies in the organizational form of psychological crisis work, associated management system, personnel allocation and training, cognition and treatment of psychological crisis events, etc., most of the teachers have a correct understanding of the students’ psychological crisis. and every school can use various intervention methods to intervene the crisis students in time. but the commonly used techniques and forms of crisis intervention are relatively simple, it is mainly the individual intervention, the lack of prognosis management and the lack of support to the crisis intervention teachers The system and practice of psychological crisis intervention have a good effect, and there are significant differences in teachers’ majors, working years and positions.
• DOI： https://doi.org/10.35534/pc.0505065
• 引用： 彭瑶，任薇，杨晓红，等．中小学学校心理危机干预工作的现状：管理与技术［J］．中国心理学前沿，2023，5（5）：567-576．