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新时期大学生心理健康的影响因素分析及教育建议

Influencing Factors Analysis of College Students’ Mental Health and Educational Suggestions in the New Period

Psychology of China / 2023,5(9): 955-963 / 2023-09-20 414 1774

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• Authors: 王歆睿¹ 宋美静²
• Information:

  1．成都工业学院学生工作部（处），成都；
  2．成都师范学院教育与心理学院，成都

• Keywords:
  College students; Mental health; Influencing factors; Social support; Educational suggestion
  大学生; 心理健康; 影响因素; 社会支持; 教育建议
• Abstract: Objective: To explore the mental health influence of college student include gender, grade, placeof origin, left-behind experience, only child, love status, social support and so on. Methods: 2234 collegestudents were investigated with general demographic questionnaire, perceived social support scale andbrief psychological symptom scale. SPSS 25.0 and Process 3.4 were used to carry out descriptive statistics,independent sample t-test and regression analysis. Results: In the new period, the mental health level ofmale college students is higher than that of female college students, the mental health level of freshmen issignificantly higher than that of senior students, the psychological symptoms of rural students are moreserious than that of urban students, the psychological symptoms of students with left-behind experienceare more than that of students without left-behind experience, and the psychological symptoms ofonly children are less than that of non-only children (p<0.05).The results of linear regression analysisshowed that gender, grade, place of origin, left-behind experience, whether the only child, love status,social support (family, friends, other support) affected the psychological symptoms (anxiety, depression,somatization symptoms) of college students (p<0.05).Conclusion: In order to optimize the mental healthstatus of college freshmen in the post-epidemic period, college mental health education should payattention to the mental health education of students of different genders and grades, left-behind collegestudents, rural college students, and non-only-child college students, pay attention to the improvementof social support and mental health level of college freshmen, and optimize the social support system forcollege freshmen, construct a good mental health system for college students. 目的：探讨性别、年级、生源地、留守经历、独生子女、恋爱状况、社会支持等对大学生心理健康的影响并提出教育建议。方法：问卷调查了2234名大学生，采用一般人口学调查表、中文版领悟社会支持量表和中文版简明心理症状量表进行问卷调查。采用SPSS25.0及Process3.4宏程序中进行描述性统计、独立样本t检验和回归分析。结果：新时期男大学生心理健康水平高于女大学生，大一新生心理健康水平显著高于高年级学生，农村学生心理症状比城镇学生严重，有留守经历学生心理症状多于无留守经历学生，独生子女心理症状少于非独生子女（p<0.05）。线性回归分析结果显示，性别、年级、生源地、留守经历、是否独生子女、恋爱状况、社会支持（家庭、朋友、其他支持）影响大学生心理症状（焦虑、抑郁、躯体化症状）（p<0.05）。结论：为优化后疫情时期大学新生心理健康状况，高校心理健康教育需重视不同性别和年级学生、留守经历大学生、农村生源大学生、非独生子女大学生的心理健康教育，重视大学新生社会支持和心理健康水平的提升，优化大学新生的社会支持系统，为大学新生构建良好的心理健康系统。
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.35534/pc.0509111
• Cite: 王歆睿，宋美静．新时期大学生心理健康的影响因素分析及教育建议［J］．中国心理学前沿，2023，5（9）：955-963．