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0～3岁婴幼儿家庭祖辈—孙辈互动质量 及其影响因素研究

The Quality of Grandparent-Grandchild Interactions and Its Influencing Factors in Families with Children Aged 0-3 Years

Psychology of China / 2025,7(6): 783-790 / 2025-07-08 44 27

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• Authors: 徐伟霖
• Information:

  上海外国语大学贤达经济人文学院，上海

• Keywords:
  Grandparent-grandchild interaction quality; Early childhood; Responsiveness; Parenting efficacy
  祖辈—孙辈互动质量; 婴幼儿; 回应性; 亲职效能感
• Abstract: With the accelerated aging process in China and the widespread prevalence of multigenerational households, grandparents’ roles in early childhood caregiving have become increasingly prominent. Investigating the quality and influencing factors of intergenerational interactions carries important practical significance. Objective: This study aims to examine the quality and influencing factors of grandparent-grandchild interactions in families with children aged 0 to 3 years, revealing the actual roles and differential manifestations of grandparents in early childhood caregiving. Methods: A revised version of the Parent-Child Interaction Scale (BPCIS) was administered to 370 grandparents in Shanghai, assessing fourdimensions: guidance, intimacy, responsiveness, and parenting efficacy. Results: (1) The overall level of grandparent-grandchild interaction was relatively high, especially in the guidance and parenting efficacy dimensions; (2) The responsiveness dimension scored relatively lower, indicating grandparents’ deficiencies in emotional sensitivity and supportive responses; (3) Grandparents’ age, gender, education level, and the child’s age significantly influenced the quality of intergenerational interactions. Conclusion: Grandparents play a positive role in the development of children aged 0 to 3 years, with interaction quality influenced by multiple characteristics of both grandparents and grandchildren. It is recommended to strengthen educational training for grandparents to enhance their responsiveness and emotional support, thereby optimizing the family’s intergenerational caregiving structure. 随着我国老龄化进程加快及多代同堂家庭的普遍存在，祖辈在婴幼儿早期教养中的角色日益突出，研究其代际互动质量及影响因素具有重要现实意义。目的：本研究旨在探究0～3岁婴幼儿家庭中祖辈—孙辈代际互动的质量及其影响因素，揭示祖辈在儿童早期教养中的实际作用与差异性表现。方法：采用改编版亲子互动量表（BPCIS）对上海市370名祖辈进行问卷调查，从引导性、亲密性、回应性和亲职效能感四个维度展开研究。结果表明：（1）祖辈—孙辈互动总体水平较高，尤其在引导性和亲职效能感维度表现突出；（2）回应性维度得分相对较低，反映祖辈在情绪敏感性和支持性回应方面存在不足；（3）祖辈的年龄、性别、学历及婴幼儿的年龄对代际互动质量均有显著影响。结论：祖辈在0～3岁婴幼儿成长中发挥着积极作用，互动质量受祖辈与孙辈的多种特征影响。建议加强对祖辈养育者的教育培训，提升其回应性与情感支持能力，优化家庭代际育儿结构。
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.35534/pc.0706125
• Cite: 徐伟霖. (2025). 0~3岁婴幼儿家庭祖辈—孙辈互动质量及其影响因素研究. 中国心理学前沿, 7 (6), 783-790.