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在扩容与涵容的结构性张力中构建专业反思容器——“反思螺旋”团体督导质性分析

Constructing Professional Reflection Container Within the Structural Tension of Expansion and Accommodation —Qualitative Analysis of the “Reflection Spiral” Group Supervision

Psychology of China / 2025,7(12): 1561-1568 / 2025-12-10 20 13

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• Authors: 阎媛¹ 刘海洪²³
• Information:

  1．广东工业大学心理健康教育中心，广州；
  2．南方医科大学广东省医学科学院老年医学研究所心身医学科，广州；
  3．南方医科大学广东省人民医院老年医学科临床心理科，广州

• Keywords:
  Reflective spiral; Qualitative analysis; Group supervision; Balint group; Psychological counseling
  反思螺旋; 质性分析; 团体督导; 巴林特小组; 心理咨询
• Abstract: Clinical supervision plays a crucial role in the professional development, occupational health, and personal growth of counselors, with the cultivation of reflective ability being the key. The “Reflective Spiral” group supervision, based on the Balint group, adds the reflection of the reflecting group and the observing group, as well as the re-reflection of the working group and the supervisee. In order to conduct a theoretical explanation and reflection on the “Reflective Spiral”, a survey was conducted among the participants after the group supervision. Thirty-five text materials were qualitatively analyzed using the three-level coding technique of grounded theory (open coding, axial coding, and selective coding) with NVivo20 software. The study found that the structural innovation expansion led to systematic tensions such as role tension, process tension, safety tension, and time tension. Systemic optimization is the foundation (optimizing structure and process, clarifying roles and rules, pre-training, etc.), while the supervisor’s effectiveness is the key. The supervisor’s ability to create a safe environment, manage the process, demonstrate wisdom in dynamic intervention, and collaborate in co-supervision are identified as potential solutions. Therefore, in the “Reflective Spiral” group supervision, the supervisor seeks a dynamic balance between expansion and accommodation, builds a container for professional learning and reflection to cultivate the supervisee’s reflective ability. 临床督导在心理咨询师的专业发展、职业健康和个人成长中起重要作用，而反思能力培养是关键。“反思螺旋”团体督导在巴林特小组基础上，增加了反思小组和观察小组的反思环节，以及工作小组和受督者的再反思阶段。为对“反思螺旋”模式进行阐释与反思，研究对参与者开展问卷调查，并运用NVivo20软件，对35份文本资料采用扎根理论（开放编码、主轴编码和选择编码）三级编码技术开展质性分析。研究发现，结构性创新扩容会引发角色张力、过程张力、安全张力和时间张力等系统性张力，系统性优化是实施基础（优化结构和流程、澄清角色和规则、前置专项培训等），而督导师效能是关键。督导师营造安全氛围、搭建流程架构并实施过程管理、运用动力干预智慧及开展协同督导，被认为是化解上述张力的核心解决方案。因此，在“反思螺旋”团体督导中，督导师需在扩容与涵容之间寻求动态平衡，构建专业学习和反思容器，进而培养受督者的反思能力。
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.35534/pc.0712252 (registering DOI)
• Cite: 阎媛, 刘海洪. (2025). 在扩容与涵容的结构性张力中构建专业反思容器——“反思螺旋”团体督导质性分析. 中国心理学前沿, 7 (12), 1561-1568.