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家庭经济、性别、独生对大学生心理健康的影响

The Impacts of Family Economic Status, Gender, and Only- Child Status on College Students’ Mental Health

Psychology of China / 2025,7(12): 1612-1616 / 2025-12-24 16 8

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• Authors: 郑文清 白杨 刘聪颖
• Information:

  珠海科技学院，珠海

• Keywords:
  College students’ mental health; Family economic hardship; Only child; Gender differences; Interaction effects
  大学生心理健康; 家庭经济困难; 独生子女; 性别差异; 交互作用
• Abstract: This study aimed to examine the effects of family economic status, gender, and only-child status on the mental health of college students. By identifying high-risk groups, it seeks to provide a basis for universities to carry out targeted mental health education. The Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) was administered to 28,929 university students. After controlling for the variables of age and place of origin, a three-factor analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was conducted with the total SCL-90 score as the dependent variable and 2 (Family Economics: Difficult, Non-Difficult) × 2 (Gender: Male, Female) × 2 (Only-Child: Only, Non-Only) as independent variables. The results indicated that: (1) The main effect of gender was significant, with females scoring higher than males. The main effects of family economics and only-child status were not significant. (2) The two-way interaction between gender and only-child status was significant, which manifested in that the scores of only-child males were significantly higher than those of non-only-child males, while there was no significant difference in scores between only-child and non-only-child females.(3) The three-way interaction among gender, only-child status and family financial hardship was significant, which indicated that among students with different family financial situations, there were significant differences in the total SCL-90 scores between only-child and non-only-child males, and this difference was more pronounced in the group with family financial hardship. Therefore, only-child male students from families with economic difficulties are a key group requiring focused attention in university mental health support services. It is recommended that psychological support and financial aid policies provide targeted interventions and proactive care for this specific demographic. 本研究旨在探讨家庭经济状况、性别以及是否为独生子女三个因素对大学生心理健康水平的影响，通过识别心理健康的高风险群体，以期为高校开展精准化心理健康教育提供依据。采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）对28929名大学生进行施测，在控制年龄和生源地变量后，以SCL-90总分为因变量，进行2（家庭经济：困难、非困难）×2（性别：男、女）×2（独生子女：独生、非独生）的三因素协方差分析。结果表明：（1）性别的主效应显著，女性得分高于男性，家庭经济及独生子女的主效应均不显著；（2）性别与是否独生的两因素交互作用显著，表现为独生男性得分显著高于非独生男性，女性两者得分无显著差异；（3）性别、是否独生与家庭经济困难的三因素交互作用显著，表现为在不同家庭经济状况的学生中，独生与非独生男性在SCL-90总分上均存在显著差异，且这一差异在家庭经济困难的群体中更为明显。因此，家庭经济困难的独生男性是高校心理健康工作中需重点关注的群体，建议在心理支持与资助政策上对该群体予以精准干预和主动关怀。
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.35534/pc.0712261 (registering DOI)
• Cite: 郑文清, 白杨, 刘聪颖. (2025). 家庭经济、性别、独生对大学生心理健康的影响. 中国心理学前沿, 7 (12), 1612-1616.