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民族院校大学生心理资本与就业焦虑——基于变量为中心和个体为中心的分析

Psychological Capital and Employment Anxiety among University Students from Ethnic Minority Institutions: A Variable-Centered and Person-Centered Analysis

克拉热·霍加里木

Psychology of China / 2026,8(7): 1092-1099 / 2026-07-23 6 1

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• Information:

  西南民族大学教育学与心理学学院，成都

• Keywords:
  Employment anxiety; Psychological capital; Perceived career barriers; Perceived social support; University students in ethnic minority regions
  就业焦虑; 心理资本; 生涯阻碍知觉; 领悟社会支持; 民族院校大学生
• Abstract: Objective: To investigate the mechanisms through which psychological capital influences employment anxiety among university students in ethnic minority regions, examine the mediating role of perceived career barriers and the moderating role of perceived social support, and explore the population heterogeneity of psychological capital through latent profile analysis. Methods: A total of 541 university students in ethnic minority regions were surveyed using the Positive Psychological Capital Questionnaire, Employment Anxiety Scale, Perceived Career Barriers Scale, and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Results: (1) Perceived career barriers partially mediated the relationship between psychological capital and employment anxiety. (2) Perceived social support moderated both the first and second stages of the indirect effect through perceived career barriers. (3) Latent profile analysis identified three psychological capital profiles—low, moderate, and high—and significant differences were found among these profiles in employment anxiety and related variables. Conclusion: Among university students in ethnic minority regions, psychological capital not only directly reduces employment anxiety but also exerts an indirect effect by decreasing perceived career barriers, with this process being moderated by perceived social support; moreover, students with different psychological capital profiles differ significantly in perceived social support, perceived career barriers, and employment anxiety, with the high psychological capital profile showing more adaptive characteristics. 目的：探讨心理资本对民族地区大学生就业焦虑的影响机制，检验生涯阻碍知觉的中介作用及领悟社会支持的调节作用，并结合潜在剖面分析考察心理资本与生涯阻碍知觉的群体异质性。方法：采用积极心理资本量表、就业焦虑量表、生涯阻碍知觉量表和领悟社会支持量表，对541名民族地区大学生进行问卷调查。结果：（1）生涯阻碍知觉在心理资本与就业焦虑之间起部分中介作用。（2）领悟社会支持调节了生涯阻碍知觉中介效应的前半路径和后半路径。（3）潜在剖面分析识别出低、中、高三种心理资本类型，不同类型学生在就业焦虑等变量上存在显著差异。结论：在民族院校大学生中，心理资本不仅能够直接降低就业焦虑，还可通过减少生涯阻碍知觉间接发挥作用，且该过程受到领悟社会支持的调节；不同心理资本潜在类型在领悟社会支持、生涯阻碍知觉和就业焦虑水平上存在显著差异，高心理资本型学生表现出更积极的适应特征。
• DOI: 10.35534/pc.0807161 (registering DOI)
• Cite: 克拉热·霍加里木. (2026). 民族院校大学生心理资本与就业焦虑——基于变量为中心和个体为中心的分析. 中国心理学前沿, 8 (7), 1092-1099.