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父母教养方式问卷（EMBU）的修编及信效度检验

Revision and Reliability and Validity Test of EMBU

Theory and Practice of Psychological Counseling / 2021,3(7): 471-481 / 2021-07-27 2923 1412

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• Authors: 汪飞¹      汤永隆²      赵艳梅¹      刘倩¹     
• Information:

  1．西南林业大学心理健康教育与咨询中心，昆明；
  2．西南大学心理学部，重庆

• Keywords: Parenting style; Questionnaire revision; Reliability; Validity 父母教养方式；问卷修订；信度；效度
• Abstract: Objective: To revise the parenting style questionnaire to make its factors comprehensive, fewer questions, more suitable for research on parenting style. Methods: A random sampling method was used to select undergraduates from Kunming University of Science and Technology and Southwest Forestry University as research objects. 500 questionnaires on parenting style and 500 questionnaires on selfrating depression scale were sent out, and 462 questionnaires were collected with a recovery rate of 92.4%for each questionnaire. Among them, there were 410 valid questionnaires, and the recovery rate of valid questionnaires was 89%. Considering that the large number of questions may adversely affect the data quality, on the basis of ensuring the reliability and validity of EMBU questionnaire, EMBU is revised to simplify the items, and only the items with large contributions from each dimension are selected for investigation. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis found that the fitting indexes CFI, NFI and IFI of the simplified EMBU questionnaire were all up to the standard, and the model was well adapted and valid. With depression as the criterion, it was found that the scores of five dimensions of EMBU questionnaire were positively correlated with the standard score of depression (r= 0.12-0.34, p<0.01), and negatively correlated with the standard score of depression (r=-0.39, p<0.01). p< 0.01);The scores of the four dimensions of the simplified EMBU questionnaire were positively correlated with the standard score of depression (r= 0.19-0.33, p<0.01), while the scores of the father’s emotional warmth and understanding were negatively correlated with the standard score of depression (r=-0.38, p<0.01).The scores of the three dimensions of EMBU questionnaire were positively correlated with the standard score of depression (R = 0.30-0.39, p<0.01), and the scores of mother’s preference was positively correlated with the standard score of depression (R =0.09, p<0.05).There was a negative correlation between mother’s emotional warmth understanding and depression standard score (r=-0.43, p<0.01).After simplification, the scores of the three dimensions of mother’s EMBU questionnaire were positively correlated with the standard score of depression (R = 0.15-0.35, p<0.01), while the scores of mother’s emotional warmth and understanding were negatively correlated with the standard score of depression (r=-0.45, p<0.01).The Cronbach’s Alpha of some dimensions of the two versions of questionnaires was not higher than 0.7, indicating good reliability. Conclusion: The revised EMBU questionnaire has wide applicability, good reliability and validity, and provides an effective measurement tool for future research. 目的：对父母教养方式问卷进行修编，使其各因子全面，题项减少，更适用于父母教养方式相关研究。方法： 采用随机抽样的方法，抽取昆明理工大学和西南林业大学本科生作为研究对象，发出父母教养方式问卷及 抑郁自评量表各500 份，各收回462 份，各个问卷回收率92.4%；其中有效问卷各有410 份，有效问卷的 回收率89%。考虑到题量过大，可能会对数据质量带来不利影响，在保证EMBU 问卷信效度基础上，对 EMBU 进行修订，简化条目，仅选择各维度贡献大的条目用于调查。结果：验证性因子分析发现，简化后的 父亲及母亲EMBU 问卷的拟合指标CFI、NFI、IFI 均达到标准，模型适配尚佳，效度尚佳。以抑郁为效标发 现，简化前父亲EMBU 问卷的5 个维度父亲惩罚严厉、父亲过分干涉、父亲偏爱、父亲拒绝否认、父亲过度 保护得分均与抑郁标准分均呈正相关（r=0.12—0.34，p<0.01），父亲情感温暖理解与抑郁标准分均呈负相 关（r=-0.39，p<0.01）；简化后父亲EMBU 问卷的4 个维度父亲惩罚严厉、父亲过分干涉、父亲拒绝否认、 父亲过度保护得分均与抑郁标准分均呈正相关（r=0.19—0.33，p<0.01），父亲情感温暖理解与抑郁标准分 均呈负相关（r=-0.38，p<0.01）。简化前母亲EMBU 问卷的3 个维度母亲惩罚严厉、母亲过分干涉过分保 护、母亲拒绝否认、得分均与抑郁标准分均呈正相关（r=0.30—0.39，p<0.01），母亲偏爱与抑郁标准分呈 正相关（r=0.09，p<0.05），母亲情感温暖理解与抑郁标准分均呈负相关（r=-0.43，p<0.01）；简化后母 亲EMBU 问卷的3 个维度母亲过分干涉过分保护、母亲拒绝否认、母亲惩罚严厉得分均与抑郁标准分均呈正 相关（r=0.15—0.35，p<0.01），母亲情感温暖理解与抑郁标准分均呈负相关（r=-0.45，p<0.01）。两版 本问卷部分维度Cronbach’s Alpha 尚未高于0.7，信度尚可。结论：修订后的EMBU 问卷有广泛的适用性， 信效度尚佳，为以后的研究提供了一个有效的测量工具。
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.35534/tppc.0307058
• Cite: 汪飞，汤永隆，赵艳梅，等．父母教养方式问卷（EMBU）的修编及信效度检验［J］．心理咨询理论与实践，2021，3（7）：471-481．