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青少年抽动障碍的心理病因和预防 ——基于精神分析视角

Psychological Etiology and Prevention of Tic Disorder in Adolescents: From the Perspective of Psychoanalysis

Theory and Practice of Psychological Counseling / 2021,3(9): 625-631 / 2021-09-26 966 497

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• Authors: 罗希
• Information:

  同济大学人文学院心理学系，上海

• Keywords:
  Tic disorder; Psychological cause; Psychoanalysis; Prevention
  抽动障碍; 心理病因; 精神分析; 预防
• Abstract: Tic disorders (TD) are a group of synonyms that appear in childhood or adolescence and are mainly characterized by motor and/or vocal tic movements in one or more parts. Tic disorders bring great burden to patients and society. This paper reviews the studies of several psychoanalysts to explore the psychological etiology of tic disorder. This paper argues that tics, as a symptom, is a kind of neurosis with potential unconscious conflict. When the instinct is censored by the superego, it is expressed in a localized, rapid, involuntary, and repetitive movement, with elements of gratifying release and sadism, under the function of the immature ego at an early stage. Therefore, tic disorders can be classified as pregenital transition symptoms. On the basis of this theory, this paper puts forward systematic prevention and treatment measures, and believes that it is necessary to make joint efforts from teenagers themselves, parents and schools to prevent and treat tic disorder, so as to provide a new perspective for the diagnosis and treatment of tic disorder in China. 抽动障碍（Tic Disorders，TD）是一组起病于儿童或青少年时期，以一个或多个部位运动抽动和（或）发声抽动为主要特征的综合征，给患者与社会带来了极大的负担。本文回顾多位精神分析家的研究，深入探讨抽动障碍的心理病因。本文认为，抽动作为一个症状，是一种伴有潜在无意识冲突的神经症。当冲动被超我所稽查，在早期不成熟的自我功能的作用下，冲动就会以一种局部的、快速的、不自愿的、反复的运动方式进行表达，且其中有满足的释放和施虐元素。因此抽动障碍可以被归为前生殖器期的转换症状。在此理论基础上，本文提出了系统的防治措施，认为需要从青少年自身，家长以及学校层面共同努力，进行抽动障碍的防治工作，为国内抽动障碍的诊疗提供新视角。
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.35534/tppc.0309078
• Cite: 罗希．青少年抽动障碍的心理病因和预防——基于精神分析视角［J］．心理咨询理论与实践，2021，3（9）：625-631．