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恐惧重现的心理干预述评

Review of approach to non-drug intervention for fear relapse

心理咨询理论与实践 / 2020,2(1)：1-18 / 2020-01-02 4281 7504

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• 作者： 岩敏敏¹*      田彦英²      王晶¹     
• 单位：

  1．西南大学心理学部，重庆； 
  2．陕西师范大学，西安

• 关键词： 条件恐惧；焦虑失调；暴露疗法；重现
• Pavlovian conditioning; anxiety disorder; Exposure-based treatment; relapse prevention
• 摘要： 巴甫洛夫的消退理论认为：消退能够抑制个体对条件刺激的恐惧反应。 但消退的情景依赖性会诱发消退恐惧反应的重现，这意味着基于消退理论的暴 露疗法具有局限性。临床上，焦虑失调患者在接受暴露疗法治疗 [ 如创伤后应激 障碍（PTSD），特殊恐怖症等 ] 时可能会表现出：续新与自发性恢复等恐惧重 现的行为特征。鉴于此，本文针对如何辅助暴露治疗减少患者的恐惧重现，综 述了全天然、无创性与有效的干预方法，旨在为心理医师提供适当的参考。
• Pavlov’s extinction theory favors that extinction can inhibit individual’s fear response to the conditioned stimulus. However, extinction scenario dependence can induce the recurrence of Extinguished fear, which means that exposure therapy based on extinction theory has limitations. Clinically, patients with anxiety disorders who are treated with exposure therapy are likely to exhibit behavioral performance of renewal or spontaneous recovery, which brings great difficulties to treatment. The core theoretical basis of exposure therapy is the extinction of fear memory. Extinction training can inhibit the individual’s fear response to a conditioned stimulus (CS). However, extinction training forms context-dependent learning, which will lead to the relapse of the fear response that already has extinguished. Therefore, how to reduce patients’ fear relapse has become a key issue in the treatment of anxiety disorders. Based on the possibility that drug intervention may have side effects on patients' bodies, this paper focuses on the all-natural, non-invasive and effective methods of fear relapse intervention, aiming to provide appropriate guidance and suggestions for psychologists.
• DOI： https://doi.org/10.35534/tppc.0201001
• 引用： 岩敏敏，田彦英，王晶．恐惧重现的心理干预述评［J］．心理咨询理论与实践，2020，2（1）：1-18．
  https://doi.org/10.35534/tppc.0201001