国际中文开源期刊平台

大学生心理危机快速筛查系统的建立

The Establishment of a Rapid Screening System for Mental Health Crisis in the College

心理咨询理论与实践 / 2022,4(11)：667-687 / 2022-11-28 311 368

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• 作者： 徐凯文      黄佳雨      牟惊雷      梁冠琼      林婓      王立前      何赛      潘柳      席丹荔     
• 单位：

  北京大儒心理咨询发展有限公司，北京

• 关键词： 大学生；心理危机快速筛查系统；信效度；自杀预测
• College student; The rapid screening system for mental health crisis; Reliability and validity; Suicide prediction
• 摘要： 目的：中国大学生心理问题日益严重，为了快速识别发现可能在近期及将来可能发生心理危机的学生，建立了心理危机快速测评筛查系统。本研究目的是检验心理危机长期风险预测量表、心理危机近期风险预测量表和空心病量表在大学生样本中的信效度，评估心理危机快速筛查系统对大学生自杀风险的预测效果。方法：以大一入学新生为对象，运用心理危机快速筛查系统，进行心理危机长期风险预测量表、心理危机近期风险预测量表、空心病量表和贝克抑郁量表的施测。结果：心理危机长期风险预测量表内部一致性系数为0.601，与贝克抑郁量表总分的相关为0.423（p < 0.01），重测相关系数为0.727（p < 0.01）；心理危机近期风险预测量表内部一致性系数为0.829，与贝克抑郁量表总分的相关为0.652（p < 0.01），重测相关系数为0.629（p < 0.01）；空心病量表内部一致性系数为0.872，与贝克抑郁量表总分的相关为0.578（p < 0.01），重测相关系数为0.644（p < 0.01），因素分析交叉验证了空心病量表的四因素模型，各量表的内部一致性在0.482~0.905之间，具有中上的拟合优度；心理危机长期风险预测量表、心理危机近期风险预测量表、空心病量表和贝克抑郁量表的ROC曲线下面积在.770~.851之间；在14名高危个案中，以各量表平均值1、2、3个标准差为标准，相较于贝克抑郁量表，心理危机长期风险预测量表能够额外预测出2/2/2名个案，心理危机近期风险预测量表能够额外预测出1/4/2名个案，空心病量表能够额外预测出1/3/3名个案；心理危机快速筛查系统对危机个案的预测率为92.9%。结论：1)心理危机长期风险预测量表、心理危机近期风险预测量表和空心病量表在大学生样本中具有较好的信效度；2) 与贝克抑郁量表相比，心理危机快速筛查系统的自杀风险预测效果相对更好，且能够贡献出特异性的预测个体，能够快速识别发现可能在近期及未来发生心理危机的学生并对其进行重点关注。
• Objective: In order to identify students who are likely to have mental health crisis in the near future, a rapid mental health crisis screening system was developed to test the validity and reliability of the Long-term Risk Scale, the Short-term Risk Scale and the Exinanition Illness Scale in a sample of college students and to assess the effectiveness of the rapid mental health crisis screening system in predicting suicide risk among college students. Methods: The mental health crisis rapid screening system was used to administer the Long-Term Risk Scale, the Short-Term Risk Scale, the Exinanition Illness Scale, and the Beck Depression Inventory to a sample of college freshmen. Results: The internal consistency coefficient of the Long-Term Risk Scale was 0.601, the correlation with the total score of the Beck Depression Inventory was 0.423 (p<0.01), and the retest correlation coefficient was 0.727 (p<0.01). The internal consistency coefficient of the Short-Term Risk Prediction Scale was 0.829, and the correlation with the total score of the Beck Depression Inventory was 0.652 (p<0.01). The internal consistency coefficient of the Exinanition Illness Scale was 0.872, the correlation with the total score of the Beck Depression Inventory was 0.578 (p<0.01), and the retest correlation coefficient was 0.644 (p<0.01). The area under the ROC curve for the Long-Term Risk Scale, the Short-Term Risk Scale, the Exinanition Illness Scale, and the Beck Depression Scale ranged from 0.770 to 0.851. Among the 14 high-risk cases, the Long-Term Risk Scale was able to predict an additional 2/2/2 cases, the Short-term Risk Scale was able to predict an additional 1/4/2 cases, and the Exinanition Illness Scale was able to predict an additional 1/3/3 cases compared to the Beck Depression Inventory, using 1, 2, and 3 standard deviations from the mean of each scale. The prediction rate of the mental health crisis rapid screening system for crisis cases was 92.9%. Conclusion: (1) The Long-Term Risk Scale, the Short-Term Risk Scale, and the Exinanition Illness Scale have good reliability and validity in the college student sample; (2) Compared with the Beck Depression Inventory, the mental health crisis rapid screening system has relatively better prediction of suicide risk and can contribute specific predictive individuals, which can quickly identify students who may have mental health crisis in recent times and in the future and pay close attenftion to them.
• DOI： https://doi.org/10.35534/tppc.0411067
• 引用： 徐凯文，黄佳雨，牟惊雷，等．大学生心理危机快速筛查系统的建立［J］．心理咨询理论与实践，2022，4（11）：667-687．