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困境儿童创伤性应激综合征的特性与相关性因素分析

Analysis of Characteristics and Correlates of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Among Children in Adversity

Theory and Practice of Psychological Counseling / 2025,7(4): 180-190 / 2025-04-23 30 15

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• Authors: 陆紫娟     
• Information:

  同济大学人文学院，上海

• Keywords: Children in adversity; PTSD; Psychological distress; Child psychology 困境儿童；PTSD；心理问题；儿童心理学
• Abstract: This study aims to explore the characteristics and correlates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among children in adversity. Using empirical data from 53 children aged 12~17 registered as “children in adversity” in a district of Shanghai, measurements were conducted using the Child and Adolescent Trauma Screen (CATS-2), the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), and the Experiences in Close Relationships–Relationship Structures scale (ECR-RS). Results revealed that 47.17% of participants reported at least one traumatic event, with 7.55% meeting PTSD diagnostic criteria. Gender differences emerged in PTSD symptom severity, with males exhibiting higher rates of clinically significant symptoms (30.19%) compared to females (16%). Children lacking guardianship exhibited the highest rate of abnormal PTSD scores (100%). Regression analyses indicated that self-esteem (β=-0.415) and self-efficacy (β=-0.422) were negatively correlated with PTSD severity, while emotion regulation difficulties (β=0.444) and anxious attachment to mothers (β=0.36) significantly predicted higher PTSD symptoms. Heterogeneity in PTSD correlates was observed across adversity subtypes: peer attachment anxiety was salient among single-parent impoverished children, while emotion regulation difficulties exerted stronger effects among children lacking guardianship. These findings highlight the internal heterogeneity of PTSD manifestations within this population, challenging assumptions of homogeneity, and underscore the need for tailored interventions targeting self-esteem, emotion regulation, and relational dynamics. Future research should expand sample sizes, incorporate qualitative analyses, and integrate regional-cultural factors to refine intervention frameworks. 本研究旨在探讨困境儿童创伤性应激障碍（PTSD）的特性及其相关因素。基于上海市某区53名12～17岁困境儿童的实证数据，采用儿童和青少年创伤筛查量表（CATS-2）、情绪调节困难问卷（DERS）、依恋关系量表（ECR-RS）等工具进行测量。结果显示，47.17%的参与者报告至少经历一次创伤事件，7.55%符合PTSD诊断标准；PTSD得分异常率存在性别差异（男生30.19%，女生16%），且监护缺失儿童异常率最高（100%）。回归分析表明，自尊水平（β=-0.415）、自我效能感（β=-0.422）与PTSD得分呈显著负相关，情绪调节困难（β=0.444）及与母亲的焦虑型依恋（β=0.36）则显著正向预测PTSD症状。此外，不同困境类型儿童的PTSD相关因素存在异质性：在家庭贫困单亲儿童中，朋辈依恋焦虑影响显著；在监护缺失儿童中，情绪调节困难作用更强。研究揭示了困境儿童群体内部的异质性特征，挑战了同质化干预假设，为制定精准心理干预策略提供了依据。未来需扩大样本量，深化质性分析，并纳入地域文化因素以完善研究结论。
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.35534/tppc.0704021
• Cite: 陆紫娟. (2025). 困境儿童创伤性应激综合征的特性与相关性因素分析. 心理咨询理论与实践, 7(4), 180-190.