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价值失衡与情绪重构：沙赫特—辛格情绪三因素模型的价值论深化

Value Imbalance and Emotional Reconstruction: Deepening the Axiological Interpretation of the Schachter-Singer Three-Factor Model of Emotion

郝啸

Theory and Practice of Psychological Counseling / 2026,8(4): 186-191 / 2026-04-27 16 8

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• Information:

  华中师范大学，武汉

• Keywords:
  Schachter-Singer Three-Factor Model of Emotion; Value judgment; Value imbalance; Cognitive appraisal; Psychological counseling
  沙赫特—辛格情绪三因素模型; 价值判断; 价值失衡; 认知评价; 心理咨询
• Abstract: The traditional Schachter-Singer Three-Factor Model of Emotion takes “cognitive appraisal determining emotion” as its core proposition. However, the concept of “cognitive appraisal” remains overly broad, conflating factual cognition with value judgment, which makes it difficult to explain realworld psychological phenomena such as “understanding the logic yet still suffering.” Based on the classic cognitive appraisal theory system, this paper refines and focuses on the internal structure of cognitive appraisal, distinguishes between epistemological factual cognition and axiological value judgment, and points out that value judgment is the direct dynamic mediator of emotion generation. A unified axiological framework is adopted to deepen the interpretation of emotional generation mechanisms. The study shows that the core of most psychological distress lies in value imbalance, which is manifested as value amplification, value reduction, unitary value orientation, value conflict, and inverted value ranking. On this basis, this paper clarifies that the core task of psychological counseling is to calibrate, delimit boundaries, improve the structure, and reconstruct the foundation of an individual’s value system. This perspective provides a more unified and operable analytical path for theoretical psychology and counseling psychology. 传统沙赫特—辛格情绪三因素模型以“认知评价决定情绪”为核心命题，但该模型中“认知评价”的概念内涵较为宽泛，存在将事实认知与价值判断混同的理论缺陷，难以解释“道理都懂，却依然痛苦”等现实心理现象。本文在承继经典认知评价理论体系的基础上，对认知评价的内部结构进行细化与聚焦，明确区分认识论层面的事实认知与价值论层面的价值判断，提出价值判断是情绪产生的直接动力中介，并以价值论为统一框架深化情绪发生机制的阐释。研究表明，多数心理困扰的核心本质为价值失衡，具体表现为价值放大、价值缩小、价值单一、价值冲突与价值排序颠倒五种类型。在此基础上，本文明确心理咨询的核心任务是对个体价值系统实施校准、边界划定、结构完善与基底重构。该研究视角为理论心理学与咨询心理学的发展提供了更具统一性与操作性的分析路径。
• DOI: 10.35534/tppc.0804024 (registering DOI)
• Cite: 郝啸. (2026). 价值失衡与情绪重构：沙赫特—辛格情绪三因素模型的价值论深化. 心理咨询理论与实践, 8(4), 186-191.