大学生特质正念对自杀意念的影响机制与干预启示
Mechanisms and Intervention Implications of Trait Mindfulness on Suicidal Ideation among College Students
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Authors:
李静娴¹ ³ 林书因² 杨黄秀² / Theory and Practice of Psychological Counseling / 2024,6(9): 547-555 / 2024-09-26
- Keywords: College students; Trait mindfulness; Suicidal ideation; Rumination; Distress大学生; 特质正念; 自杀意念; 反刍思维; 心理痛苦
- Abstract: A total of 1,176 college students were administered the Positive Attention Awareness Scale, the Suicidal Behavior Screening Questionnaire, the Rumination Scale, and the Psychological Distress Scale to analyze the chain mediation mechanism of trait mindfulness on suicidal ideation by structural equation modelling. The results showed that trait mindfulness and suicidal ideation had a significant negative correlation among college students. In addition, there is a chain mediation of rumination and distress between trait mindfulness and suicidal ideation. Trait mindfulness could reduce rumination and further reduce distress, and ultimately reduce suicidal ideation. The results suggest that mindfulnessbased training (e.g., Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction and Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy) are suitable and effective for the intervention of suicidal ideation in college students.本研究以1176名在校大学生为研究对象，采用正念注意觉知量表、自杀行为筛查问卷、反刍思维量表和心理痛苦量表进行施测，通过结构方程模型分析特质正念对自杀意念的链式中介作用机制。结果显示，大学生的特质正念与自杀意念具有显著的负向相关关系，反刍思维和心理痛苦在特质正念与自杀意念间起链式中介作用，特质正念可以通过减少反刍思维，进一步减少心理痛苦，最终达到降低自杀意念的效果。该结论启示，正念训练技术（如正念减压疗法、正念认知疗法）适用于大学生自杀意念的干预。
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视听语义一致性影响工作记忆
Audio-visual Semantic Coherence Affects Working Memory
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- Keywords: Audiovisual integration; Semantic congruency; Working memory视听整合; 语义一致性; 工作记忆
- Abstract: Audiovisual integration refers to the process in which visual and auditory information isintegrated into a single multisensory event, which can affect the encoding, maintenance, retrievalprocess of working memory. Along with the continuously go deep into of the multisensory research,multiple factors have been found to exert influences on working memory, but the cognitive and neuralmechanisms of the effect of audiovisual integration on working memory remain unclear. Audiovisualsemantic congruency refers to the congruency of content and meaning between the visual and auditorysensory inputs. Visual and auditory information complement and support each other, rather than conflictor contradict each other. Recent studies show that semantic congruency can improve multisensoryworking memory performance. Future studies needs to further explore the impact of audiovisualintegration on working memory maintenance in cognitive mechanism, and further explore the effect ofsemantic congruency on multisensory working memory by comprehensively considering the propertiesof materials and attention effects, so as to exend researches to people of different ages. In terms of neuralmechanism, future studies should enrich researches on the impact of attention on the working memoryretrieval process, and explore the role of different brain regions on multisensory working memory, so asto establish a more complete theoretical model.视听整合是指视听信息被整合成多感觉事件的过程，能够对工作记忆的编码、保持和提取过程产生影响。随着多感觉研究不断深入，语义一致性被发现能够影响工作记忆，但是其中的认知和神经机制仍不清楚。视听语义一致性是指视觉和听觉两个感官输入之间的内容和意义的一致性，视觉和听觉的信息相互补充和支持，而不是产生冲突或矛盾。近期研究结果表明，语义一致性能够提高人们对视听信息的理解和认知，提升多感觉工作记忆表现。未来的研究需要在认知机制方面进一步探讨视听整合对工作记忆保持过程的影响，进一步探究语义一致性对工作记忆的作用。在神经机制方面，未来的研究需要进一步探讨语义一致中的注意效应对工作记忆提取过程的影响，以此建立更加完善的理论模型。
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科研立项
医疗众筹的媒体图景： 态度、问题与对策
Media Portrayal of Medical Crowdfunding in China: Attitudes, Problems and Solutions
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- Keywords: Medical crowdfunding; Media portrayal of medical crowdfunding; Ethical issues; Health inequalities医疗众筹; 媒体报道; 伦理问题; 健康不平等
- Abstract: Nowadays, the medical crowdfunding has attracted worldwide attention. By creating medicalcrowdfunding campaigns on online platforms and spreading them through social media, individualscould collect donations from the public to meet their illness-related needs. Using a content analysis,this study attempted to explore how media in China medical crowdfunding. Our results revealedthat most media coverage were neutral or positive towards medical crowdfunding, portraying it as asignificant way for poor patients suffering from major diseases to obtain “life-saving money”. Driven bycontroversies, media coverage often discussed ethical issues and legitimacy of medical crowdfundingand solutions to them. The most prominent problem of medical crowdfunding in Chinese media isthe veracity of campaigns information, followed by the misuse of donations. With regards to solutions,media highlight the self-regulation of crowdfunding platforms and regulations from government.Media portrayal of medical crowdfunding echoes the current situation of philanthropy in China andthe public's continued concern for its transparency.医疗众筹在全球范围内引发关注和热议。个体在众筹平台发起筹款项目，借助互联网尤其是社交媒体进行信息扩散，请求社会公众提供资金捐助以支付医疗费用。本研究运用内容分析法，考察了2014—2020年医疗众筹在国内媒体上的呈现图景。研究发现，国内媒体对医疗众筹持中立或正面态度，将医疗众筹呈现为贫困大病患者获得“救命钱”的途径。媒体报道通常由争议事件驱动，也常伴随着对当前医疗众筹实践的伦理问题、法律困境和解决对策的讨论。信息真实性、资金滥用问题的媒体显著度最高，众筹平台自律、政府监管被呈现为最主要的问题对策，这与我国慈善事业现况、公众对慈善事业透明度的持续关注相呼应。
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重点基金项目
远程口译国内外研究现状与发展趋势对比——基于Cite Space的文献计量分析
Comparison of Research Status and Development Trends of Remote Interpreting in China and Western Countries—A Bibliometric Analysis Based on Cite Space
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- Keywords: Remote interpreting; Cite Space; Visualization; International comparison; Recent trends远程口译; Cite Space; 文献可视化; 国内外对比; 最新趋势
- Abstract: Since 2019, the research of remote interpretation has entered an explosion period at China and Western Countries, and the comparative analysis of the status quo and trends of such research has played a guiding role in the industry and academia. This article visually analyzes the relevant literature of remote interpretation in the Web of Science and CNKI database through Cite Space the software, and through comparison reveals that independent research is mainly carried out in China, but emerging forces have formed a cluster phenomenon; while foreign research topics are more diversified, among which the most popular research background is the medical field, followed by the legal, while domestic research is more labeled. Technicalization is a topic that is concerned at home and abroad; while research on interpretation technology is the latest trend of domestic remote interpretation research, the main research trend abroad has shifted from telephone interpretation to the line of sight research in video interpretation. In the future, it is recommended to strengthen cooperation between universities and social institutions and focus more on research on technology and competence, so that the technical barriers of remote interpretation could be turned into technical advantages.2019年以来，远程口译在国内外进入研究爆发期，其最新研究现状和趋势的对比分析对业界和学界起着指导性作用。本文通过CiteSpace软件对WebofScience和CNKI数据库中远程口译的相关文献进行可视化分析，对比发现：国内以独立研究为主，但新兴力量已形成团簇现象，国外研究主题更加多元化，医疗领域为最主要的研究背景，其次为法律领域，国内研究标签性更强。技术性是国内外都关注的一个问题，口译技术研究是国内远程口译研究的最新趋势，国外主要研究趋势已经从电话口译转向视频口译中的视线研究。未来建议加强高校与社会机构间合作、更多关注技术和胜任力方面的研究，将远程口译的技术壁垒转化为技术优势。
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科研立项
诉讼标的与诉讼请求的关系探究
Exploration of the Relationship Between the Subject Matter of Litigation and Litigation Claims
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- Keywords: The subject matter of litigation; The claim; Repeated prosecution; The old doctrine of substantive law诉讼标的; 诉讼请求; 重复起诉; 旧实体法说
- Abstract: The subject matter of litigation and the claim are important basictheories of civil litigation. However, in the process of theoretical discussion andtrial practice, people’s research on two has different directions, and the focus onthe subject matter of litigation and some basic concepts related to it have notyet been clarified. Moreover, for a long time, the research on the theory of thesubject matter of litigation has been in a hot state, and even presented a stateof “involution”. While the voice of litigation claims has been drowned out, thediscussion of the relationship between the two is also in a state of controversy.In particular, after the promulgation of the Interpretation of the Civil ProcedureLaw in 2015, Article 247 has provisions on repeated prosecution, and thereasonableness of juxtaposing the two concepts of subject matter and claimhas been questioned. The clarification of the concept and relationship betweenthe two helps to clarify the distinction between this suit and the other in civillitigation. This paper mainly takes the relationship between the subject matterof litigation and the claim as the research object, starts from the concept of thetwo, and analyzes it in detail, so as to better clarify the relationship between thetwo and provide more appropriate guidance for judicial practice.诉讼标的和诉讼请求是当前民事诉讼的重要基础理论。不过在理论探讨与审判实务过程中，人们对二者的研究却存在着较多差异，重点在于诉讼标的以及与其有关的一些基本概念没有厘清。虽然长久以来，有关诉讼标的理论的研究处于火热状态，甚至呈现“内卷化”的状态，但是有关诉讼请求的声音被淹没，二者之间的关系探讨亦处于争议状态。尤其是在2015年《民诉法解释》出台后，其中的第247条有关于重复起诉的规定，使诉讼标的和诉讼请求两个概念并列的合理性受到质疑。对二者概念和关系的厘清有助于明晰在民事诉讼中，此诉与彼诉的区分。本文主要以诉讼标的和诉讼请求之间的关系为研究对象，结构上从二者的概念出发，并具体分析，以诉讼标的理论来看二者的关系，以期能够更好地厘清二者之间的联系，从而为司法实践提供更为有益的参考。
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