中、美教育学硕士研究生招生考试制度比较研究——基于制度逻辑理论视角
Comparative Study on the Admission Examination System of Master’s Degree Students in Education between China and the United States —Based on the Perspective of Institutional Logic Theory
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- Keywords: Institutional Logic Theory; Admission and Examination System; Master’s Degree in Education; China; USA制度逻辑理论; 招生考试制度; 教育学硕士研究生; 中国; 美国
- Abstract: The formulation and application of the entrance examination system for master’s degree students in education is a systematic project affected by many factors. Based on the theory of institutional logic, this paper analyzes the differences between the entrance examination systems for master’s degree students in education between China and the United States. From the perspective of the purpose of system formulation and the subject of educational decisionmaking, the differences in the national behavior logic of the two countries are compared; from the perspective of different demand orientations of the employment market, the differences in the market behavior logic of the two countries are compared; from the perspective of admission targets, specific processes and examination contents, the differences in the behavior logic of universities in the two countries are compared; finally, from the perspective of individual behavior logic, the differences in the preparations made by students in universities in the two countries to pass the examination are compared. Based on the comparison and analysis, the entrance examination system for master’s degree students in education in my country should be optimized from the following dimensions: the dimension of decision-making subjects should organically combine “state control” with “university autonomy”; the dimension of enrollment and admission standards should change from “examination-oriented education” to “qualityoriented education”; the dimension of enrollment examination procedures should replace “unified management” with “personalized services”; the dimension of market demand should accelerate the gradual transition from “knowledgebased” to “ability-based”.教育学专业硕士研究生招生考试制度的制定和应用是一项受到诸多因素影响的系统性工程。本文基于制度逻辑理论，分析中、美两国教育学硕士研究生招生考试制度的差异。从制度制定目的和教育决策主体的角度，比较两国国家行为逻辑的差异；从就业市场的不同需求导向，比较两国市场行为逻辑的区别；从招生对象、具体流程和考试内容的角度，比较两国高校行为逻辑的不同；最后，从个人行为逻辑出发，比较两国高校学生为通过该考试所做准备的差别。在比较与分析的基础上，我国教育学硕士研究生招考制度应从以下几个维度进行优化：决策主体维度应将“国家主控”与“高校自主”有机结合；招生录取标准维度应从“应试教育”向“素质教育”转变；招生考试程序维度应以“个性化服务”代替“统一化管理”；市场需求维度应加快从“知识本位”向“能力本位”逐步过渡。
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重点基金项目
“被隐藏”的幼儿性教育：理性审思与实践路向
“Hidden” Early Childhood Sex Education: Rational Reflection and Practical Approaches
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- Keywords: Young children; Sex education; Hidden; Representation; Counterplan幼儿; 性教育; 被隐藏; 表征; 对策
- Abstract: Early Childhood Sex Education (ECSE) serves as a fundamental cornerstone for fostering the mental and physical health development of young children, as well as cultivating a well-rounded personality. The World Health Organization strongly endorses the initiation of comprehensive sexual education for children starting at the age of five. Notwithstanding, the implementation of ECSE frequently remains obscured in practical applications within our nation. Through an analytical examination of the tangible manifestations of ECSE, this study reveals critical shortcomings, including discordant conceptualizations of sexual education, the prevalence of superficial methodologies, and a notable deficiency in essential resources. Further investigation into the underlying causes of ECSE’s veiled presence discloses a confluence of deterrents: the restrictive influence of traditional ideologies, intrinsic flaws within the educational framework, the faltering efficacy of familial-academic partnerships, and a pervasive shortfall in societal cognizance. Based on a rational reflection on sex education for children, future efforts should focus on reshaping scientific perspectives to lay a solid foundation for sex education for children, improving systematic frameworks to provide support for sex education for children, building collaborative home-school cooperation to strengthen sex education for children, and enhancing legal frameworks to ensure the protection and implementation of sex education for children.幼儿性教育是启蒙幼儿身心健康发展，构筑健全人格的基石。世界卫生组织明确倡导，儿童自五岁起便应接受全面性教育。然而，我国幼儿性教育在现实中往往呈现“被隐藏”的态势。研究通过对幼儿性教育现实表征的分析，揭示幼儿性教育观念错位、形式疏浅、资源匮乏等问题。探析幼儿性教育被隐藏的原因，包括传统思想束缚、教育内部缺陷、家园合作不畅和社会认知不足等多重因素。基于对幼儿性教育的理性审思，未来应通过重塑科学化观念为幼儿性教育夯实基础、通过完善系统化体系为幼儿性教育提供支撑、通过构建协作化家校合作为幼儿性教育拓展路径、通过完善法治化制度为幼儿性教育提供保障。
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教改项目
数字媒介时代青少年的追星乱象： 表征、成因及对策
The Chaos of Teenagers Chasing Stars in the Digital Media Era: Representation, Causes, and Countermeasures
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- Keywords: Digital media; Teenagers; Chasing stars and chaos; Characterization; Educational strategies数字媒介; 青少年; 追星乱象; 表征; 教育对策
- Abstract: In the era of digital media, new media forms, media platforms, and media environments all affect the thinking and behavioral patterns of young people pursuing celebrities. The study examines the phenomenon of teenage star chasing in the era of digital media, and elucidates the chaotic phenomena that arise during the process of teenage star chasing, such as entertainment oriented, idol worship fast food oriented, and uncontrolled "fan circle" behavior. On this basis, the reasons for these chaotic phenomena of star chasing were analyzed, including the misleading values of young people caused by improper promotion of digital media, the commercialization of star idol manufacturing in the digital media era, the distortion of new star chasing mechanisms among young people, and the weak awareness of reasonable online star chasing among young people. In the context of the inability to avoid the involvement of digital media in youth star chasing, research suggests that big data algorithm mechanisms should be clarified and value education should be strengthened; Using digital media channels to promote positive energy idols; Enhancing digital media literacy and conducting offline celebrity chasing activities to strengthen education and guidance on adolescent celebrity chasing behavior.数字媒介时代视域下新的媒介形式、媒介平台和媒介环境都影响着青少年的追星思维和行为模式。研究将青少年追星现象置于数字媒介时代进行审视，阐明了青少年追星过程中出现的追星泛娱乐化、偶像崇拜快餐化、“饭圈”行为失控化等乱象。在此基础上，分析了产生这些追星乱象的原因，包括数字媒体的不当宣传对青少年价值观的误导、数字媒介时代明星偶像制造的商业化、青少年新型追星机制的扭曲，以及青少年在线合理追星意识的淡薄。在无法规避数字媒介涉入青少年追星的情境下，研究指出应明确大数据算法机制，加强价值观教育；运用数字媒介途径，宣传正能量偶像；提高数字媒介素养，开展线下追星活动的方式加强对青少年追星行为的教育引导。
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科研立项
