Abstract: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in children and adolescents. Painting therapy is a non-verbal psychotherapeutic method, which can improve the attention, impulse control and emotion management ability of children with ADHD, and relieve anxiety. This article reviews the relevant studies in China and discuss the current status and shortcomings of the application of Painting therapy in the treatment of children with ADHD, with the aim of providing more effective therapeutic references for clinical practice. This study found that painting therapy has significant therapeutic effects in the treatment of children with ADHD, and its efficacy is even better when combined with other treatments. However, there is limited research on the improvement of emotional and social functions in ADHD through painting therapy. This study identified the shortcomings of current research: there are few empirical studies on painting therapy in ADHD, and most existing studies are case studies or small-sample studies, lacking large-sample randomized controlled studies; in the design of painting therapy sessions, there are significant differences in intervention frequency and duration, which should have a direct impact on treatment effectiveness, but this was not clearly stated in the study; the painting content during the intervention process shows consistency, lacking differentiation.注意缺陷多动障碍(attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder,ADHD)是一种常见的儿童青少年神经发育障碍。绘画治疗是一种非言语心理治疗方法,可以提高ADHD患儿注意力、控制冲动和情绪管理能力,缓解焦虑情绪。本文通过回顾国内相关研究,探讨绘画治疗在ADHD患儿治疗中应用现状及存在的不足,旨在为临床实践提供更为有效的治疗参考。本研究发现绘画治疗在ADHD患儿治疗中具有显著的疗效,与其他治疗联合进行治疗效果更好,绘画治疗对于ADHD的情绪和社会功能改善研究较少。本研究发现当前研究的不足:绘画治疗在ADHD中的实证研究较少,现有研究大多是以个案或者小样本研究为主,缺乏大样本的随机对照研究;在绘画治疗疗程设计上,干预频率、时长差异巨大,这对于治疗效果应该有直接影响,在研究中没有明确说明;干预过程中绘画内容呈现出一致性,缺乏差异化。
Abstract: In recent years, inclusive education has gained popularity as a means of enhancing the education of children with ASD on a global scale. It emphasizes the improvement of symptoms and the enhancement of abilities by allowing ASD children to enter regular classes and receive education together with normal children. The current implementation of Inclusive education for children with ASD in China is not effective enough, considering the limitation of a single Inclusive environment. However, parental involvement in inclusive education can have a more comprehensive and long-lasting positive impact on both the ASD children and their parents. Therefore, future research should focus on increasing parental involvement to promote the rehabilitation of children with ASD in inclusive education interventions.融合教育(InclusiveEducation)已成为国际上孤独症儿童教育发展的趋势,强调通过让孤独症儿童进入普通班级与正常儿童共同接受教育,使孤独症儿童获得症状改善及能力提升。当下我国孤独症儿童的融合教育开展效果欠佳,单一融合环境中孤独症儿童的发展具有局限性,而孤独症儿童家长参与的融合教育对儿童及家长均能产生更积极的影响。因此相关专业人员将来在对孤独症儿童进行融合教育干预时,可着重考虑提高家长的参与度以促进儿童康复。
Abstract: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental mental disorder that occurs in early childhood and may continue to affect adulthood. Sandplay Therapy is a systematic professional tool that allows children to create scenes, configure spaces, and use sand and toys to symbolically express themselves in a safe environment created by consultants, achieving therapeutic effects. This study provides a review of the research on Sandplay Therapy in the treatment of children with ADHD in China. This study found that Sandplay Therapy is an effective treatment method for children with ADHD, which can significantly alleviate the core symptoms of attention deficit, hyperactivity, and impulsivity in children with ADHD, and help improve their self-awareness. It also promotes the improvement of social functions such as academic problems, parent-child attachment relationships, and peer relationships in children with ADHD.注意缺陷多动障碍(AttentionDeficitHyperactivityDisorder,ADHD)是一种常见的神经发育性精神障碍,发病于童年早期,可能持续影响到成年。沙盘治疗(SandplayTherapy)是一种系统化的专业工具,在咨询师所创建的安全环境中,患儿能够通过制作场景、配置空间以及运用沙、水和玩具等进行象征性表达,从而达到治疗的效果。本研究对国内沙盘治疗在ADHD患儿治疗中的研究进行综述。研究发现:沙盘治疗是一种有效的ADHD患儿治疗方法,能够显著缓解ADHD患儿的注意力缺陷、多动与冲动等核心症状,并有助于提升患儿的自我意识,促进患儿学业问题、亲子依恋关系以及同伴关系等社会功能的改善。
Keywords: Music therapy; ADHD; Psychological therapy音乐治疗; ADHD; 心理治疗
Abstract: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the common neurodevelopmental disorders, characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Interventions for ADHD typically rely on medication, but parents’ concerns over medication side effects often lead to compliance issues. In recent years, music therapy has emerged as a non-pharmacological intervention with some success in the management of ADHD in children. This article aims to review the current application of music therapy for children with ADHD in China, exploring its therapeutic effects, discussing existing research gaps, and looking towards future prospects. The goal is to provide more insights for interventions for children with ADHD.注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)是常见的神经发育型障碍之一,主要表现为注意力不集中、多动和冲动行为。对ADHD的干预通常以药物干预为主,但是药物引发的副作用,家长会有疑虑,容易造成依从性差的问题。近年来,音乐治疗作为一种非药物治疗手段,在ADHD患儿干预方面获得了一些成果。本文将对音乐治疗在国内ADHD患儿中的应用现状及其治疗作用进行综述,并探讨研究不足及展望,以期为ADHD患儿的干预提供更多的参考。