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马斯洛需要层次理论重释——基于生态系统理论的思考

Maslow Needs a Reinterpretation of the Theory of Hierarchy —Thoughts Based on the Theory of Ecosystem

中国心理学前沿 / 2020,2(12)：1273-1285 / 2020-12-22 1804 2438

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• 作者： 王步遥¹*      李丹阳²     
• 单位：

  1．北京中医药大学东方学院，沧州；
  2．新疆师范大学教育科学学院，乌鲁木齐

• 关键词： 马斯洛需要层次理论；重释；生态系统理论
• Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory; Reinterpretation; Ecological systems theory
• 摘要： 在动机研究中，马斯洛的需要层次理论一直都是必不可少的重要理论。随着时代的发展以及动机理论的深入研究，马斯洛及其需要层次理论逐渐表现出局限性。在对马斯洛需要层次理论局限性的讨论中发现，马斯洛需要层次所建立的三角形模型存在叙事的误导性，主要由于金字塔模型带来的阶段固 化感以及层级感较强，其解释力与马斯洛在《动机与人格》一书中的理论构建存在差异。本研究基于生态系统理论，探究马斯洛需要层次理论模型的重构，运用新的模型形式，使其更具备对马斯洛需要层次理论的解释力，并且能够更好的避免原模型所带来的叙事误解。
• The hierarchy of needs theory has always been important and inevitable in the study of motivation. With the development of the times and the further study of motivation theory, Maslow and his theory gradually reveal its limitations. When it comes to the limitations of the hierarchy of needs theory, it was found that the triangular model established by the hierarchy of needs is misleading, which mainly due to the strong sense of class solidification and hierarchy brought by the pyramid model, as well as the difference between its explanatory power and Maslow’s theoretical construction in Motivation and Personality. Based on ecosystem theory, the current study explores the reconstruction of the hierarchy of needs theory model using new model forms, which is more capable of explaining the hierarchy of needs theory and can better avoid the misunderstanding about narration in the original model.
• DOI： https://doi.org/10.35534/pc.0212098
• 引用： 王步遥，李丹阳．马斯洛需要层次理论重释——基于生态系统理论的思考［J］．中国心理学前沿，2020，2（12）： 1273-1285．