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茧中寻光：拒学少年的自我叙事与心路重构

Seeking Light from the Cocoon: Self-narratives and Psychological Reconstruction of School Refusal Adolescents

Psychology of China / 2025,7(6): 707-714 / 2025-06-26 10 5

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• Authors: 王榕枫¹² 何丽¹² 阮琳燕¹²
• Information:

  1．北京联合大学师范学院，北京；
  2．北京联合大学儿童及青少年学习与心理发展研究所，北京

• Keywords:
  School Refusal; Self-esteem; Self-narrative
  拒学; 自我价值感; 自我叙事
• Abstract: School refusal among adolescents is a result of multiple interacting factors. It reflects deficiencies in family and school education systems and indicates some individuals’ lack of self-esteem. Using the researcher’s self-narrative as a thread and combining educational, psychological, and sociological theories, this paper analyzes school refusal experiences and psychological changes from high school to college. The study reveals that schools, through academic rankings and subject hierarchies, quantify student value into digital indicators, intensifying competitive anxiety and selfdenial. Overprotective parenting and the intergenerational transmission of class habitus foster dependent personalities and reduce psychological resilience. External pressure from schools and families lowers self-esteem, leading to school refusal. The paper suggests adolescents cultivate a growth mindset and intrinsic motivation. Schools should adopt diverse evaluation methods and flexible learning paths, and families should shift to a supportive parenting style. Together, they should build a diverse ecosystem. Through individual experiences and theoretical dialogue, this study offers new interpretations of school refusal and provides insights for educational practice and family intervention. 青少年拒学行为是多重因素交互作用的结果，既反映了家庭和学校教育系统存在多方面的不足和挑战，也体现了部分个体出现自我价值感缺失。本文以研究者的自我叙事为线索，结合教育学、心理学与社会学理论，剖析了从高中到大学阶段的拒学经历及其心理转变过程。研究发现，学校通过成绩排名、学科等级化等手段，将学生价值量化为数字化指标，加剧了竞争焦虑与自我否定；家庭教养方式中的过度保护与阶层惯习代际传递，强化了依赖型人格，削弱了心理抗逆力；学校与家庭的外部压力使个体自我价值感降低，从而出现拒学行为。研究提出，青少年需培养成长型思维与内在动机，学校应推动多元化评价与弹性学习路径，家庭需要向支持型教养方式转变，共同构建多元的生态系统。本文通过个体经验与理论对话，为拒学现象提供了新的阐释维度，并为教育实践与家庭干预提供了启示。
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.35534/pc.0706113
• Cite: 王榕枫, 何丽, 阮琳燕. (2025). 茧中寻光: 拒学少年的自我叙事与心路重构. 中国心理学前沿, 7 (6), 707-714.