Keywords:
Knowledge-behavior gap; Double standard; Moral hypocrisy; Distributive fairness; Children
知行不一;双重标准;道德伪善;分配公正;儿童
Abstract:
Young children endorse fairness norms related to sharing, but often act in contradiction to
those norms when given a chance to share. Thus, young children appear to be moral hypocrites with
regard to fairness. Moral hypocrisy refers to the failure to follow one’s own expressed moral rules and
principles. Moral hypocrisy of children mainly involves two forms: “knowledge-behavior gap” and “double
standard”. Knowledge-behavior gap is the intrapersonal discrepancy between what individuals think
is normative and how they actually behave. Double standard focuses on the tendency among people to
judge others more severely than they judge themselves. At present, the explanation of the mechanism of
moral hypocrisy mainly emphasizes four viewpoints: The viewpoint of insufficient motivation hypothesis,
the viewpoint of insufficient cognitive resources hypothesis, the viewpoint of social signal model, and the
viewpoint of social learning theory. Future researchers can pay attention to how family and environment
affect children’s moral hypocrisy, and provide theoretical support for the intervention and prevention of
moral hypocrisy.
虽然儿童赞同与分享或分配相关的公正规范,但当有机会分配资源时,他们的行为往往与公正规范相矛盾。因此,就公正而言,幼儿似乎是道德“伪君子”。道德伪善是指个体没有遵循自己表达的道德规则和原则,主要包括“知行不一”和“双重标准”两种表现形式。知行不一是指个体认为的规范和他们的实际行为不一致,双重标准则是指个体对他人的评判比对自己的评判更为严厉的倾向。目前,对儿童道德伪善作用机制的解释主要涉及四个观点:动机不足假设的观点、认知资源不足假设的观点、社会信号模型的观点和社会学习理论的观点。未来研究者可以关注影响儿童道德伪善的家庭和环境因素,为道德伪善的干预和预防提供理论支撑。