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“知行不一”和“双重标准” ——儿童道德伪善的内涵及其作用机制

“Knowledge-behavior Gap” and “Double Standard” —The Connotation and Mechanism of Moral Hypocrisy in Children

Psychology of China / 2021,3(3): 291-296 / 2021-03-25 1099 884

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• Authors: 王静¹ 贾延春² 刘壮壮³
• Information:

  1．曲阜师范大学教育学院，曲阜；
  2．齐河县宣章屯镇学校，德州；
  3．仲宫中心中学，济南

• Keywords:
  Knowledge-behavior gap; Double standard; Moral hypocrisy; Distributive fairness; Children
  知行不一; 双重标准; 道德伪善; 分配公正; 儿童
• Abstract: Young children endorse fairness norms related to sharing, but often act in contradiction to those norms when given a chance to share. Thus, young children appear to be moral hypocrites with regard to fairness. Moral hypocrisy refers to the failure to follow one’s own expressed moral rules and principles. Moral hypocrisy of children mainly involves two forms: “knowledge-behavior gap” and “double standard”. Knowledge-behavior gap is the intrapersonal discrepancy between what individuals think is normative and how they actually behave. Double standard focuses on the tendency among people to judge others more severely than they judge themselves. At present, the explanation of the mechanism of moral hypocrisy mainly emphasizes four viewpoints: The viewpoint of insufficient motivation hypothesis, the viewpoint of insufficient cognitive resources hypothesis, the viewpoint of social signal model, and the viewpoint of social learning theory. Future researchers can pay attention to how family and environment affect children’s moral hypocrisy, and provide theoretical support for the intervention and prevention of moral hypocrisy. 虽然儿童赞同与分享或分配相关的公正规范，但当有机会分配资源时，他们的行为往往与公正规范相矛盾。因此，就公正而言，幼儿似乎是道德“伪君子”。道德伪善是指个体没有遵循自己表达的道德规则和原则，主要包括“知行不一”和“双重标准”两种表现形式。知行不一是指个体认为的规范和他们的实际行为不一致，双重标准则是指个体对他人的评判比对自己的评判更为严厉的倾向。目前，对儿童道德伪善作用机制的解释主要涉及四个观点：动机不足假设的观点、认知资源不足假设的观点、社会信号模型的观点和社会学习理论的观点。未来研究者可以关注影响儿童道德伪善的家庭和环境因素，为道德伪善的干预和预防提供理论支撑。
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.35534/pc.0303036
• Cite: 王静，贾延春，刘壮壮．“知行不一”和“双重标准”——儿童道德伪善的内涵及其作用机制［J］．中国心理学前沿， 2021，3（3）：291-296．