工程实践导向的“物理化学实验”项目式教学改革
Engineering Practice-Oriented Project-Based Teaching Reform in Physical Chemistry Laboratory
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- Keywords: Engineering practice; Physical Chemistry Laboratory; Project-based teaching工程实践; 物理化学实验; 项目式教学
- Abstract: Aiming at the problems of teaching content divorced from practice, monotonous teaching mode and imperfect evaluation systemin the Physical Chemistry Laboratory course in local colleges and universities, this study takes the cultivation of engineering practical ability as the core, and systematically constructs and implements a project-based teaching reform model. Taking “industry integration and capability progression” as the main line, the reform reconstructs a stepped experimental project system of “basic-comprehensive-innovative”, implements a three-stage open teaching process of pre-class inquiry, in-class collaboration and post-class consolidation, and establishes a multi-agent collaborative quantitative evaluation system. It transforms local characteristic industrial resources into teaching projects, and promotes the transformation of experimental teaching from traditional “verification operation” to engineering practice. Practice shows that the proportion of students who regard the course as “challenging and interesting” has increased from 30% to 80% after the reform. Students’ quantitative scores in experimental design, data analysis, teamwork and other dimensions have increased by 30% to 40% compared with previous sessions. Their active learning willingness and engineering practical ability have been significantly improved. This model forms an integrated reform scheme of “curriculum design-teaching implementation-evaluation support”, which can provide a transferable reference paradigm for practical teaching reform in local colleges and universities under the background of Emerging Engineering Education.针对地方高校“物理化学实验”课程存在教学内容脱离实际、教学模式单一、评价体系不完善等问题，本研究以工程实践能力培养为核心，系统构建并实施项目式教学改革模式。改革以“产业融入、能力递进”为主线，通过重构“基础—综合—创新”阶梯式实验项目体系、推行“课前探究—课中协作—课后固化”三阶开放式教学流程、建立多元协同量化评价体系，将地方特色产业资源转化为教学项目，推动实验教学从传统“验证性操作”向“工程化实践”转型。实践表明，改革后认为课程“具有挑战性和趣味性”的学生比例由30%提升至80%，学生在实验设计、数据分析、团队协作等维度的量化评分较往届提升30%～40%，主动学习意愿与工程实践能力均得到显著增强。该模式形成“课程设计—教学实施—评价支持”一体化改革方案，可为新工科背景下地方高校实践教学改革提供可迁移的参考范式。
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Funding
川南天宫堂地区反转构造特征与演化
Characteristics and Evolution of Reverse Structures in the Tiangongtang Area, Southern Sichuan
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- Keywords: Southwestern Sichuan Basin; Tiangongtang; Extensional structure; Tectonic inversion; Structural evolution川南; 天宫堂; 拉张; 反转; 演化
- Abstract: The Tiangongtang area，located on the southwestern margin of the Sichuan Basin，is a key target zone for marine shale gas exploration. The multiphase tectonic superimposition in this region has resulted in a complex tectonic evolution history. Through comprehensive interpretation and analysis of 3D seismic data，this study reveals for the first time that the area exhibited extensional fault-depression characteristics during the Late Caledonian. By integrating geometric analysis of tectonic deformation，it is determined that the Tiangongtang area underwent three major deformation periods: Late Caledonian extensional fault-depression，terminal Caledonian compressional inversion， and intense Mesozoic-Cenozoic compression. Additionally，the regional kinematic evolution process was established through kinematic reconstruction using balanced restoration techniques. This paper systematically identifies the seismic response characteristics of early fault depressions，elaborates on the geometric patterns and kinematic mechanisms of inverted structures，and discusses the influence of multi-stage structural superposition on the preservation and enrichment of shale gas，thereby providing an important geological basis for shale gas exploration in the complex structural area of southern Sichuan Basin.天宫堂地区位于四川盆地西南缘，是海相页岩气的重要勘探目标区，其多期构造叠加作用导致构造演化历史复杂。本研究通过三维地震资料综合解释分析，首次揭示了该区加里东晚期具有伸展断陷构造特征。综合构造变形几何解析，明确了天宫堂地区经历加里东晚期拉张断陷，加里东末期挤压反转以及中新生代强烈挤压3个主要的变形时期，并应用平衡恢复技术建立了区域运动学演化过程。本文系统识别了早期断陷的地震响应特征，阐述了反转构造的几何样式与运动学机制，探讨了多期构造叠加对页岩气保存与富集的影响，为川南复杂构造区页岩气勘探提供了重要的地质依据。
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先存断层倾角对断层活化特征的影响——基于离散元数值模拟实验
The Influence of Pre-existing Fault Dip Angle on Fault Activation Characteristics: Insights from Discrete Element Method (DEM) Numerical Simulation Experiments
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- Keywords: Pre-existing fault; Fault dip angle; Fault activation; Discrete element method; Numerical simulation先存断层; 断层倾角; 断层活化; 离散元; 数值模拟
- Abstract: Pre-existing fault activation is a key inducing factor of geological disasters in engineering construction and mineral resource development. As a core parameter controlling the mechanical properties of faults, the influence law of fault dip angle on activation characteristics remains to be clarified urgently. To reveal this mechanism, this study adopted the discrete element method (DEM) simulation software ZDEM and designed four groups of comparative experiments with fault dip angles of 15°, 30°, 45°, and 60°. The activation process, strain distribution, and failure mode of faults under different dip angle conditions were systematically analyzed. The results show that: the 45° dip angle fault initiates activation the earliest (with a critical compression of only 4.5 km), and its activation process is the most intense with significant concentration of shear strain; the 15° low-dip angle fault is dominated by vertical compressive strain, forming a wide and gentle fold-fracture assemblage; the 30° dip angle fault has the densest secondary fractures with well-developed shear fracture zones; the 60° high-dip angle fault eventually forms a “Y”-shaped fracture assemblage, and the dip angle of the main fault deflects significantly. This study quantitatively reveals the influence of fault dip angle on activation threshold, strain distribution, and failure mode, and provides a theoretical basis and technical reference for engineering stability evaluation and disaster prevention and control in areas with pre-existing faults.先存断层活化是工程建设与矿产开发中引发地质灾害的关键诱因，断层倾角作为控制断层力学特性的核心参数，其对活化特征的影响规律亟待明确。为揭示该机制，本文采用离散元模拟软件ZDEM，设计断层倾角为15°、30°、45°、60°的4组对比实验，系统分析不同倾角条件下断层的活化过程、应变分布及破坏模式。结果表明：45°倾角断层活化启动最早（临界挤压量仅4.5km），活化过程最剧烈，剪切应变集中显著；15°低倾角断层以垂向压缩应变为主，形成宽缓的褶皱断裂组合；30°倾角断层次级破裂最密集，剪切破碎带发育；60°高倾角断层最终形成“Y”字型断裂组合，主断层倾角发生明显偏转。研究明确了断层倾角对活化阈值、应变分布及破坏模式的量化影响规律，为含先存断层区域的工程稳定性评价与灾害防控提供了理论依据与技术参考。
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Funding
货运铁路司机职业压力应对的质性研究
A Qualitative Study of Coping with Occupational Stress among Freight Train Drivers
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- Keywords: Occupational stress; Freight-train drivers; Grounded theory; Coping strategies; Dynamic model of stress职业压力; 货运司机; 扎根理论; 应对策略; 压力动态模型
- Abstract: Objective: To explore the sources of occupational stress, coping styles, and the underlying mechanisms among freight-train drivers, so as to inform health-management interventions for such high-risk occupational groups. Methods: Indepth interviews were conducted with 33 freight drivers working on the railway company in northern China which was a qualitative design guided by grounded-theory. Results: Six core categories were identified: job characteristics, occupational stress, self-regulation strategies, supportive resources, job-specific competence and economic incentives. Under institutional stressors (e.g., frequent night shifts, rigid performance appraisal), freight-train drivers mainly deployed three types of strategies—emotional, behavioral, and cognitive—to cope with stress. Supportive resources and job-specific competence amplified the positive effects of these strategies, whereas economic incentives—although compensatory—might heighten stress perception when relied upon excessively. Conclusion: Occupational stress coping among freight drivers constitutes a dynamic adaptation system that driven by institutional pressure, regulated by personal strategies and buffered by both internal and external resources. The dual-edged effect of economic incentives among them reveals a complex trade-off between financial compensation and psycho-physical health in high-risk occupations.目的：探究货运铁路司机职业压力的来源、应对方式及其内在作用机制，为改善高危职业人群的健康管理提供参考。方法：采用质性研究方法，以扎根理论为指导，对我国北方某铁路公司的33名货运司机进行深度访谈。结果：研究概括出工作性质、职业压力、自我调节策略、支持性资源、职业核心能力和经济激励6个核心类属。司机在制度性压力源（如高频夜班、刚性考核）的影响下，主要采用情绪、行为及认知三类策略应对压力；支持性资源与职业核心能力能增强调节策略的积极效果，而经济激励虽具补偿效应，但过度依赖反而会增强压力感知。结论：货运司机的职业压力应对是一个由制度压力驱动、个人策略调节、内外资源缓冲的动态适应系统；并且经济激励的作用具有双面性，揭示了在高风险职业中，经济补偿与身心健康之间存在复杂的权衡关系。
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Funding
家庭动机对一线操作员工角色内外绩效影响的实证研究
The Empirical Study on the Effect of Family Motivations of Frontline Operators on their In-role and Extra-role Performance
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- Keywords: Family motivation; Safety performance; Task performance; Organisational citizenship behaviour家庭动机; 安全绩效; 任务绩效; 组织公民行为
- Abstract: This study employs a comprehensive motivation model as its theoretical foundation to examine the differential effects of family motivation on the role-related and non-role-related performance of frontline operational staff. It introduces organisational constraints, family financial pressure, and job competence as moderating variables to explore the boundary conditions of these differential effects. Focusing on frontline operators in the petrochemical industry, the study employed a two-round questionnaire survey, collecting 211 valid paired questionnaires. Empirical testing was conducted using hierarchical regression in SPSS 26.0 and Mplus7.4 Findings indicate: (1) Family motivation significantly and positively influences both in-role performance (safety performance, task performance) and extra-role performance (organisational citizenship behaviour) among petrochemical frontline operators; (2) Organisational constraints positively moderate the relationship between family motivation and safety performance; (3) Household financial pressure positively moderates the relationship between family motivation and task performance; (4) Job competence positively moderates the relationship between family motivation and organisational citizenship behaviour. This study enriches the understanding of the effects of family motivation on role-related and non-role-related performance and their boundary conditions. It assists enterprises in recognising the critical role of family motivation in stimulating both role-related and non-role-related performance among frontline operators in the petrochemical industry. Furthermore, it facilitates the formulation of differentiated guidance policies at various levels to promote the conversion of family motivation into role-related and non-role-related performance.本研究以综合激励模型为理论基础，探讨家庭动机对一线操作员工角色内外绩效的差异化影响，并引入组织约束、家庭财务压力及工作胜任力为调节变量，探讨上述差异化影响的边界条件。以石化行业一线操作员工为研究对象，采用两轮问卷调查，共收集211份有效配对问卷，利用SPSS26.0及Mplus7.4软件，采用层级回归法对采集的数据进行实证检验。研究结果表明：（1）家庭动机对石化行业一线操作员工的角色内绩效（安全绩效、任务绩效）、角色外绩效（组织公民行为）均存在显著正向影响；（2）组织约束正向调节家庭动机与安全绩效之间的关系；（3）家庭财务压力正向调节家庭动机与任务绩效之间的关系；（4）工作胜任力正向调节家庭动机与组织公民行为之间的关系。本研究丰富了家庭动机对角色内外绩效的作用效果及其边界条件的研究，有助于企业重视家庭动机在激发石化行业一线操作员工角色内外绩效中的关键作用，并在不同层面制定差异化引导政策促进家庭动机向角色内外绩效转化。
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